{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:41:12Z","timestamp":1790401272226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Fund of Khon Kean University (KKU)","award":["B13F660069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B13F660069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Houttuynia cordata Thunb. holds a longstanding reputation as a traditional folk remedy in East Asia, where it has been employed to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions, nephritis, hepatitis and cancer. Despite its extensive use, there exists a paucity of research examining its efficacy in managing thyroid disorders and diabetes. Moreover, the bioactive components responsible for modulating the molecular pathways remain elusive. Objectives: This research aimed to determine the key bioactive components in the ethanolic extract of H. cordata Thunb. (HCEE) responsible for its thyroid-modifying properties and examine its effects on rats with experimentally induced hypothyroidism and diabetes. Methods: Molecular docking was performed to investigate the possible mechanisms of thyroid regulation of HCEE constituents. Researchers induced hypothyroidism in rats by adding 6-propyl-2-thiouracil to their drinking water for a period of four weeks. To induce diabetes, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The animals were then given daily oral doses of HCEE (500 mg\/kg b.w.), levothyroxine (50 mg\/kg b.w.), or glibenclamide (5 mg\/kg b.w.) for 28 days. Following this treatment, standard methods were employed to measure biochemical parameters in the rats\u2019 serum. Results: The results demonstrate that HCEE ameliorated hypothyroidism by increasing serum T3 (14.38%) and T4 (125.96%) levels and decreasing TSH (p &lt; 0.01; \u221241.75%) levels. In diabetic rats with induced hypothyroidism, HCEE significantly (p &lt; 0.001) increased T3 (149.51%) and T4 (73.54%) levels with reduced TSH (\u221264.39%) levels. In silico analysis demonstrated that the identified bioactive compounds from HCEE may enhance thyroid hormone function through interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor protein TR\u03b21 (PDB:3GWS), similar to the conventional pharmaceuticals levothyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3). Conclusions: HCEE exhibits potential as a natural alternative to synthetic medications in the prevention and treatment of thyroid dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17030594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T11:32:32Z","timestamp":1738841552000},"page":"594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Thyroid Stimulatory Activity of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Ethanolic Extract in 6-Propyl-Thiouracil-Induced Hypothyroid and STZ Induced Diabetes Rats: In Vivo and In Silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaikh Shahinur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuwatchakij","family":"Klamrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmal Chandra","family":"Mahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9810-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakibul Hasan","family":"Rahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Napapuch","family":"Nopkuesuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Kamruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7000, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyapon","family":"Janpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutthakan","family":"Saengkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5080-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaran","family":"Nabnueangsap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salaya Central Instrument Faculty RSPG, Research Management and Development Division, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8133-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thananya","family":"Soonkum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salaya Central Instrument Faculty RSPG, Research Management and Development Division, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padol","family":"Sangkudruea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Success Time Enterprise Co., Ltd., 194\/3 Moo 9 Tumbol Muang Kao, Amphor Muang, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2071-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nisachon","family":"Jangpromma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes 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Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7466-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunrat","family":"Chaveerach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jureerut","family":"Daduang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2672-7710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakda","family":"Daduang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes 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