{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:49:06Z","timestamp":1790711346733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cariplo Foundation","award":["2021-4652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-4652"]}]},{"name":"Cariplo Foundation","award":["2020NCKXBR_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020NCKXBR_004"]}]},{"name":"Cariplo Foundation","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"PRIN grant","award":["2021-4652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-4652"]}]},{"name":"PRIN grant","award":["2020NCKXBR_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020NCKXBR_004"]}]},{"name":"PRIN grant","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"MUR","award":["2021-4652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-4652"]}]},{"name":"MUR","award":["2020NCKXBR_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020NCKXBR_004"]}]},{"name":"MUR","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Fructose consumption in children is increasing, as is the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Despite evidence linking added sugars to metabolic syndrome, fructose\u2019s impact on liver disease in youth remains unclear, especially in pediatrics. Our study aimed to evaluate the role of fructose intake in metabolic and liver dysfunction in a cohort of pre-school children and adolescents with obesity. Methods: We recruited 41 children and adolescents with obesity (age range: 2.5\u201316 years, BMI SDS 2.6 \u00b1 0.5 kg\/m2). Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed. Through ultrasound (US), MASLD, hepatorenal index (HRI), subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT), and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) were assessed. Dietary intake was evaluated using the IDEFICS FFQ and a fructose-specific questionnaire. Results: Pubertal subjects had more scAT and vAT, higher insulin resistance, and higher liver fibrosis parameters than those prepubertal. MASLD was detected in 12 subjects, associated with higher scAT and vAT. Pubertal subjects had lower weekly fructose intake than prepubertal subjects (p &lt; 0.02). However, they consumed less fructose from fruits (p &lt; 0.04) and more from other sugars (p &lt; 0.04) than younger children. Patients with MASLD reported higher fructose intake (p &lt; 0.01), primarily from fruits (p &lt; 0.003), likely due to misreporting, alongside higher consumption of unhealthy food, mainly rich in saturated fats. Conclusions: Fructose intake and unhealthy dietary habits were associated with MASLD in pre-school and adolescents with obesity. Advice to pay attention to fructose intake and foods rich in saturated fats is mandatory to decrease both obesity and MASLD. Further high-powered studies in any pediatric age and different geographical areas are needed to better evaluate the MASLD history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17040631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T08:05:42Z","timestamp":1739347542000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fructose Intake and Unhealthy Eating Habits Are Associated with MASLD in Pediatric Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1899-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Felicia","family":"Faienza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Baima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cecere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariantonietta","family":"Monteduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Farella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Antoniotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Urbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari \u201cA. Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6593-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Tini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3591-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Romana","family":"Lenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychology and Social Processes in Sport, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico\u201d, 00135 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Prodam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, R.M., Botezelli, J.D., da Cruz Rodrigues, K.C., Mekary, R.A., Cintra, D.E., Pauli, J.R., da Silva, A.S.R., Ropelle, E.R., and de Moura, L.P. 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