{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:13:33Z","timestamp":1791526413254,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Special Project of Hunan Province","award":["2021NK1020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021NK1020"]}]},{"name":"Major Special Project of Hunan Province","award":["2022YFD1600805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600805"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Programme of China","award":["2021NK1020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021NK1020"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Programme of China","award":["2022YFD1600805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600805"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Acute alcohol consumption can cause intestinal dysfunction, whereas L-theanine (LTA) has shown the potential to support intestinal health. We explored L-theanine\u2019s ability to protect against acute alcohol-induced injury. Methods: Male C57BL\/6 mice were administered LTA for 28 d and then underwent acute alcohol intestinal injury modeling for 8 days. Results: The results revealed that LTA ameliorated alcohol-induced pathological damage in the duodenum and gut permeability, improved secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) content, and reduced oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content in mice. Furthermore, LTA restored the composition of the intestinal flora, increasing the abundance of Alloprevotella, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Muribaculum, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001. Additionally, LTA increased beneficial metabolites, such as oxyglutaric acid and L-ascorbic acid, in the HIF-1 pathway within the enrichment pathway. Further investigation into the HIF-1 signaling pathway identified up-regulation of claudin-1, HIF-1\u03b1, occludin, and ZO-1, and down-regulation of TLR4, PHD2, p65 NF-\u03baB, TNF-\u03b1, and IFN-\u03b3 mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that LTA may enhance the intestinal barrier by activating the HIF-1 signaling pathway to regulate the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/HIF-1\u03b1 axis, thereby reducing acute alcoholic intestinal injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17040720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T08:36:19Z","timestamp":1739867779000},"page":"720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["L-Theanine Mitigates Acute Alcoholic Intestinal Injury by Activating the HIF-1 Signaling Pathway to Regulate the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/HIF-1\u03b1 Axis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3554-589X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simin","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayou","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kehong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04294-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04294-22","article-title":"Oral Probiotic Expressing Human Ethanol Dehydrogenase Attenuates Damage Caused by Acute Alcohol Consumption in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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