{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:26:40Z","timestamp":1791480400633,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad UTE"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity and its related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, the anatomical and physiological changes associated with these procedures significantly increase the risk of preoperative and postoperative micronutrient deficiencies, which can lead to severe complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. This narrative review examines the prevalence and clinical implications of micronutrient deficiencies in BS patients, as well as evidence-based strategies for their prevention and management. The most common deficiencies include iron, vitamin B12, folate, calcium, vitamin D, and fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, and K). Procedures with a hypoabsorptive component, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD\/DS), pose higher risks of deficiencies compared to restrictive procedures like sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Effective strategies involve the preoperative correction of deficiencies, continuous monitoring, and tailored supplementation. However, long-term adherence to supplementation tends to decrease over time, influenced by behavioral and socioeconomic factors. Hence, preventing and managing micronutrient deficiencies are crucial for the long-term success of BS. While current guidelines provide valuable recommendations, many are based on low-certainty evidence, underscoring the need for more robust studies. A multidisciplinary approach, combined with innovative strategies, such as telemedicine, can enhance adherence and achieve sustainable clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T04:53:39Z","timestamp":1740027219000},"page":"741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Preventing and Managing Pre- and Postoperative Micronutrient Deficiencies: A Vital Component of Long-Term Success in Bariatric Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Reytor-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica y Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica (CISPEC), Quito 170527, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Frias-Toral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 0901952, Ecuador"},{"name":"Division of Research, Texas State University, 601 University Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Nu\u00f1ez-V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica y Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica (CISPEC), Quito 170527, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5223-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Marcos","family":"Parise-Vasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica y Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica (CISPEC), Quito 170527, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4865-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raynier","family":"Zambrano-Villacres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Samborond\u00f3n 0901952, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3641-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Simancas-Racines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica y Epidemiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica (CISPEC), Quito 170527, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3639-6847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Schiavo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1974-2","article-title":"Trends in Bariatric Surgery: Procedure Selection, Revisional Surgeries, and Readmissions","volume":"26","author":"Abraham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes. 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