{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:52:58Z","timestamp":1778831578051,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand","award":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand","award":["069\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["069\/2566"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand","award":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Fund, Chiang Mai University","award":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Fund, Chiang Mai University","award":["069\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["069\/2566"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Fund, Chiang Mai University","award":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation Agency (Public Organization) of Thailand","award":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation Agency (Public Organization) of Thailand","award":["069\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["069\/2566"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation Agency (Public Organization) of Thailand","award":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"]}]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University","award":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCA-CO-2563-12031-TH"]}]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University","award":["069\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["069\/2566"]}]},{"name":"Chiang Mai University","award":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE0201-04\u201365-12-0279"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation products (LPOs). A chemotherapeutic drug, 5\u2013fluorouracil (5\u2013FU), can induce epithelial mucositis and favor drug synergism with erastin in ferroptosis. Camellia tea saponin extract (TS) is known to exert antioxidative properties. This study aims to delineate the protective role of TS in mitigating 5\u2013FU-induced ferroptosis and inflammation in human keratinocytes. Methods: HaCaT cells were induced by 5\u2013FU and erastin, treated with different TS doses, and their viability was then determined. Levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), LPOs, labile iron pool (LIP), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX\u20134) activity, as well as IL\u20136, IL\u20131\u03b2, and TNF\u2013\u03b1 levels, and their wound healing properties were assessed. Results: TS per se (at up to 25 \u00b5g\/mL) was not toxic to HaCaT cells but was unable to restore the viability of 5\u2013FU-induced cells up to the baseline levels. The compound significantly diminished increases in cellular ROS, LPOs, and LIP, while restoring GSH content and GPX\u20134 activity. Additionally, it suppressed the cytokine production of 5\u2013FU-induced cells in a concentration\u2013dependent manner. Moreover, TS exerted wound-healing effects against skin injuries and 5\u2013FU damage significantly and dose dependently. Conclusions: The insights of this work have identified biochemical mechanisms using tea saponin extract to protect against 5\u2013FU-induced keratinocyte ferroptosis and inflammation. This study highlights the promising adjunctive potential of tea saponin in the mitigation and management of chemotherapy-induced mucositis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:53:06Z","timestamp":1740124386000},"page":"764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Camellia Tea Saponin Ameliorates 5\u2013Fluorouracil-Induced Damage of HaCaT Cells by Regulating Ferroptosis and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tanrada","family":"Likitsatian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pimpisid","family":"Koonyosying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narisara","family":"Paradee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3696-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sittiruk","family":"Roytrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charareh","family":"Pourzand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5706-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somdet","family":"Srichairatanakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21704","article-title":"The broadening scope of oral mucositis and oral ulcerative mucosal toxicities of anticancer therapies","volume":"72","author":"Elad","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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