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Methods: In the Age-Related Eye Diseases Study (AREDS) and AREDS2, an Alternative Mediterranean Diet Index (aMedi), its nine components, and individual micronutrient intakes were calculated. Mixed-model regression was performed for square root GA area, GA foveal proximity, and acuity. Results: The study populations comprised 657 (AREDS) and 1179 eyes (AREDS2). For area-based progression, a higher aMedi was associated with slower progression in AREDS2 and (in analyses excluding MUFA:SFA) AREDS. A higher intake was associated with slower progression for seven components (including vegetables and fruit at Bonferroni) and four components (including fruit and less red meat at Bonferroni), and seven and 15 nutrients, in AREDS1\/2, respectively. For proximity-based progression, a higher aMedi was associated with slower progression in AREDS. A higher intake was associated with slower progression for three components (including vegetables at Bonferroni) and two components, and 10 and 8 nutrients, in AREDS1\/2, respectively. With increasing oral supplementation, associations between proximity-based progression and aMedi\/components\/nutrients were weaker. In AREDS2 eyes with non-central GA, higher aMedi was associated with a slower acuity decline. Conclusions: A Mediterranean-type diet is associated with slower GA area-based progression and slower progression to the fovea, accompanied by a slower decline in acuity. The most important components and micronutrients for incidence, area-based progression, and foveal progression overlap only partially. For the latter two, they include vegetables, fruit, and less red meat. These findings suggest the benefits of targeted nutritional and supplementation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:45:08Z","timestamp":1740469508000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Relationships Between Diet and Geographic Atrophy Progression in the Age-Related Eye Diseases Studies 1 and 2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2829-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Agr\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8274-8609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amitha","family":"Domalpally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Y.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2253-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiarn\u00e1n D. L.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review","volume":"331","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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