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Emerging evidence implicates gut microbiota dysbiosis in IBS pathogenesis, and probiotic interventions targeting microbial modulation hold therapeutic promise. Methods: this study used fecal microbiota transplantation to establish a mouse model of IBS before evaluating the effects of the complex probiotic by using metagenomics and targeted metabolomics to explore the potential mechanism. Results: After 14 days, the probiotic relieved constipation, reduced inflammation and intestinal permeability, lowered 5-HT levels and increased serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in tissues. Metagenomic analysis showed a reduced inflammation-related species abundance. It also decreased fecal butyric acid, acetic acid and tryptophan levels in IBS mice. Conclusions: The probiotic complex effectively alleviated IBS symptoms in mice by modulating gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, providing insights for future IBS research and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T08:28:31Z","timestamp":1740558511000},"page":"801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Complex Probiotics Ameliorate Fecal Microbiota Transplantation-Induced IBS in Mice via Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinggele","family":"Borjihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life and Environment Science, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2214-5836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongfu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.0954","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: A clinical review","volume":"313","author":"Chey","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.031","article-title":"Bowel disorders","volume":"150","author":"Mearin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.021","article-title":"Prevalence of Rome IV functional bowel disorders among adults in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom","volume":"158","author":"Palsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.141","article-title":"IBS and IBD\u2014Separate entities or on a spectrum?","volume":"13","author":"Spiller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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