{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:31:43Z","timestamp":1791718303753,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FAPEMA (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o)","award":["BM-09984\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM-09984\/22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Brazil has a high incidence of new tuberculosis cases influenced by socioeconomic factors. Inadequate housing, limited access to health services, and insufficient food increase vulnerability to the disease. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, nutritional, and anthropometric factors associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: This case\u2013control study was conducted at the tuberculosis (TB) Referral Hospital in S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil, from 2022 to 2024. It included 65 patients with active pulmonary TB and 73 comparison individuals. Sociodemographic and nutritional data were collected using an adapted semi-quantitative questionnaire with 77 items, based on the validated ELSA-BRASIL questionnaire for adults, to assess the consumption of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin D. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) was used to analyze food and nutrition security or insecurity. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated based on weight and height measurements. Results: The TB patients were predominantly men (73.8%), of mixed ancestry (69.4%), with low education levels (73.4%), and had a mean age of 39 years. Furthermore, 26.2% of the patients were underweight, and 64% experienced some degree of food and nutrition insecurity. The variables education level, vitamin D, and BMI were associated with the outcome in the final model. Conclusions: The study identified a high prevalence of food insecurity and vitamin E deficiency in individuals with active tuberculosis, in addition to associating low educational levels, inadequate vitamin D intake, and overweight with a higher risk of TB. Although it has limitations, such as the cross-sectional design and sample size, the results highlight the importance of these determinants and point to the need for longitudinal research to confirm and expand the evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17050878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T05:41:51Z","timestamp":1741066911000},"page":"878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nutritional Factors and Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Patients with Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4137-5952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmim Costa","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Larysse Lacerda","family":"Dourado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Vieira","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9926-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline de Oliveira","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65085-580, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Caroline de Souza","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Pereira","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Medicine, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ela\u00edne de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nursing, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elane Luiza Costa","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5902-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cec\u00edlia Cruz Morais","family":"Lindoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nursing, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberdilson de Melo Rodrigues","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nursing, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Rocha","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Nursing, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Cabral","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8389-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Millena Ferreira","family":"Goiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biomedicine, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4206-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Cl\u00e1udio Nascimento","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafiza F\u00e9lix Mar\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Management and Health Care, CEUMA University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, 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