{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:39:40Z","timestamp":1787510380516,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) in Japan","award":["22K08306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K08306"]}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) in Japan","award":["FY2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY2022"]}]},{"name":"Japan society for the promotion of science","award":["22K08306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K08306"]}]},{"name":"Japan society for the promotion of science","award":["FY2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Kidneys are fatty acid (FA)-consuming organs that use adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for tubular functions, including endocytosis for protein reabsorption to prevent urinary protein loss. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 (PPAR\u03b1) is a master regulator of FA metabolism and energy production, with high renal expression. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that are natural PPAR\u03b1 ligands, their role in tubular protein reabsorption remains unclear. As clinical PUFA deficiency occurs in humans under various conditions, we used a mouse model that mimics these conditions. Methods: We administered a 2-week intraperitoneal protein-overload (PO) treatment to mice that had been continuously fed a PUFA-deficient diet. We compared the phenotypic changes with those in mice fed a standard diet and those in mice fed a PUFA-deficient diet with PUFA supplementation. Results: In the absence of PO, the PUFA-deficient diet induced increased lysosomal autophagy activation; however, other phenotypic differences were not detected among the diet groups. In the PO experimental condition, the PUFA-deficient diet increased daily urinary protein excretion and tubular lysosomes; suppressed adaptive endocytosis activation, which was probably enhanced by continuous autophagy activation; and worsened FA metabolism and PPAR\u03b1-mediated responses to PO, which disrupted renal energy homeostasis. However, these changes were attenuated by PUFA supplementation at the physiological intake level. Conclusions: PUFAs are essential nutrients for the tubular adaptive reabsorption response against urinary protein loss. Therefore, active PUFA intake may be important for patients with kidney disease-associated proteinuria, especially those with various PUFA deficiency-inducing conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T12:02:59Z","timestamp":1741608179000},"page":"961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency Impairs Renal Lipid Metabolism and Adaptive Response to Proteinuria in Murine Renal Tubules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yaping","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Basic Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China"},{"name":"Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiki","family":"Aomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7500-6769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Nimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takero","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3212-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"International Relations Office, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Kamijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40597-z","article-title":"p21-activated kinase 4 suppresses fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketogenesis by phosphorylating NCoR1","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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