{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T08:08:41Z","timestamp":1773821321430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Macquarie University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Within recent years, there has been a notable lack of research examining the factors associated with adolescent use of anabolic\u2013androgenic steroids (AASs) in Australia, meaning information regarding risk factors of Australian adolescent AAS use is outdated and potentially inaccurate. Methods: To address this omission, the present study examined the prevalence and correlates of adolescent (aged 11 to 19 years) AAS use within the EveryBODY study, a large-scale representative survey of adolescents\u2019 disordered eating behaviours and body image concerns, involving 5071 adolescents across thirteen schools within the Sydney and Newcastle\/Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Results: A total of 1.1% of adolescents reported lifetime use of AAS to increase muscularity. In univariate analyses, increased prevalence of AAS use was associated with male sex (OR = 5.67), identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (OR = 3.80), identifying as same-sex or questioning sexual attraction (OR = 3.17), higher drive for muscularity (OR = 2.19) and weight\/shape concerns in the past month (OR = 1.28), and higher frequency of purging (OR = 1.11) and binge eating (OR = 1.09) in the past month. In multivariate analysis, only drive for muscularity (OR = 2.44) and purging behaviours (OR = 1.10) remained as significant correlates. Finally, adolescents who reported lifetime AAS use also reported feeling significantly higher levels of distress and physical and psychosocial impairment compared to adolescents who reported never having used AAS to increase muscularity. Conclusions: Positive correlations between disordered eating and weight and shape concerns with AAS use suggests that adolescent AAS use may be conceptualised within the spectra of disordered eating among youth. These findings provide clinicians, carers, and educators with prototypical factors that should assist in the screening of adolescent AAS use to facilitate early intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T10:04:51Z","timestamp":1741687491000},"page":"980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and Correlates of Anabolic\u2013Androgenic Steroid Use in Australian Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dominic","family":"Byatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Body Image and Eating Network, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Bussey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Trompeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Mitchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Body Image and Eating Network, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-017-0886-0","article-title":"Thin is in? Think again: The rising importance of muscularity in the thin ideal female body","volume":"79","author":"Bozsik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.8.1291","article-title":"Muscle dysmorphia in male weightlifters: A case-control study","volume":"157","author":"Olivardia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. 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