{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:13:49Z","timestamp":1789200829053,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korea government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2021-NR061667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-NR061667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korean Society of Nephrology","award":["RS-2021-NR061667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-NR061667"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study examined the effects of alcohol consumption on chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A nationwide retrospective observational study was conducted using NHIS-Senior cohort data (2009\u20132018). Adults aged \u2265 65 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \u2265 60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 were included. Alcohol consumption was classified as non-drinking, mild, moderate, or heavy drinking. CKD onset was defined as eGFR &lt; 60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2. Results: Of the 122,319 subjects, the non-, mild, moderate, and heavy drinking groups comprised 99,091 (81.0%), 14,842 (12.1%), 4257 (3.5%), and 4139 (3.4%), respectively. During follow-up, 19,796 (20.0%), 4636 (31.2%), 1696 (39.8%), and 1695 (41.0%) patients developed CKD in the non-, mild, moderate, and heavy drinking groups, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analyses showed a significantly increased risk of incident CKD in all drinking groups compared with non-drinkers (all p &lt; 0.001). However, hazard ratios (HR) for developing CKD were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87\u20130.94, p &lt; 0.001) for mild, 0.89 (95% CI 0.84\u20130.95, p &lt; 0.001) for moderate, and 0.93 (95% CI 0.88\u20130.99, p = 0.027) for heavy drinkers. In subgroup analysis, the beneficial effect of alcohol consumption on incident CKD was prominent among moderate drinkers aged 65\u201374 years and mild drinkers aged \u2265 75 years, in males and mild drinkers aged &lt; 85 years in females. Conclusions: This study shows that alcohol consumption is negatively associated with the risk of incident CKD in older adults, particularly among males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T10:04:51Z","timestamp":1741687491000},"page":"983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association Between Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Korean Nationwide Study of Community-Dwelling Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"In O","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju 54987, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiyeon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6890-4725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunjin","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4204-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Youl","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9886-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungjin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4114-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon Hyo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7031-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang-Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6545-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Don","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-2898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo Yeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2686-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Chul","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang-Jee","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3689-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Won","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Min","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Heon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0777-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Joon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7856-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Ah","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 34943, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-832936","article-title":"Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease","volume":"24","author":"Mandayam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. 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