{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T13:49:54Z","timestamp":1770472194951,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002628","name":"Incheon National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-0260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-0260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Ovariectomized rodents experience metabolic dysfunction in whole-body and skeletal muscle. A disrupted balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants might exacerbate metabolic dysfunction in ovariectomized rodents. Dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin E intake, before or during exercise would be beneficial by mitigating the exercise-induced increase in oxidative stress in ovariectomized rodents. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential effect of vitamin E intake combined with voluntary exercise on whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolism in ovariectomized mice. Methods: This study used C57BL\/6J wild-type female mice (n = 40, 8 weeks old), which were randomly assigned into sham (SHM), ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomy with exercise (OVXVE), ovariectomy with vitamin E (OVXV), ovariectomy with exercise and vitamin E (OVXVE) groups. Body composition, resting metabolic rate, glucose tolerance, skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, and protein contents were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance test, O2K OROBOROS, and Western blot, respectively. Results: The combined treatment of vitamin E and voluntary wheel running did not show a beneficial effect on whole-body metabolism such as fat mass, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance. However, independent of exercise intervention, vitamin E intake enhanced mitochondrial function, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1-a), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels and also reduced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles of ovariectomized mice. Specifically, in the soleus muscle, vitamin E intake enhanced mitochondrial function and PGC1-a content (p &lt; 0.05). In the gastrocnemius muscle, vitamin E intake enhanced PGC1-a and AMPK levels and reduced a marker of oxidative stress (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin E, as a potent antioxidant, may play a crucial role in maintaining skeletal muscle health in ovariectomized mice. More studies are necessary to investigate whether this finding is applicable to women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17060991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T07:31:42Z","timestamp":1741764702000},"page":"991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of Vitamin E Intake and Voluntary Wheel Running on Whole-Body and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Ovariectomized Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngyun","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki-Woong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanall","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Sport Science Institute & Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung-Jun","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chae-Eun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Geun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nam-Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8297-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Sport Science Institute & Health Promotion Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Effects and management of the menopausal transition in women with depression and bipolar disorder","volume":"68","author":"Soares","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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