{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:27:23Z","timestamp":1791998843906,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the National Institutes of Health","award":["F32HD113333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HD113333"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is emerging interest in obesity and its prevalence, outcomes, and management in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Body mass index (BMI) is the traditional marker of obesity in MS, whereas body composition, inclusive of specific body tissue compartments (e.g., fat, bone, and muscle), is often overlooked despite its relevance. Objective: This narrative review (a) underscored the use and utility of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as an accurate and reliable measure of body composition; (b) thematically analyzed and synthesized the current evidence regarding body composition (using DEXA); and (c) determined gaps to be addressed in future research. Methods: The structure and reporting of this narrative review followed the guiding criteria outlined in the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). The relevant literature for this narrative review was identified via a PubMed search utilizing combined search terms such as \u2018body composition\u2019 and \u2018multiple sclerosis\u2019. The identified research was then organized by the authors into major themes and sub-themes. The articles described within the narrative review were based on saturation of the identified themes and sub-themes. Results: Three major themes were identified, namely (1) comparison of body composition between people with MS and non-MS controls (2 meta-analyses); (2) examination of the relationships between body composition and a range of outcomes (14 cross-sectional studies); and (3) interventions that report and\/or target body composition in MS (11 clinical trials). Conclusions: This narrative review mapped the existing evidence regarding body composition in MS, and posits body composition as a novel, informative, and targeted concept for this population. The narrative review underscores the importance of randomized controlled trials that focus on body composition as a significant and modifiable outcome. Such research could improve the understanding of obesity and poor body composition in MS and identify useful clinical recommendations for diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17061021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1741935736000},"page":"1021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Body Composition and Its Outcomes and Management in Multiple Sclerosis: Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2211-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Kidwell-Chandler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4522-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3074-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara A.","family":"Pilutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul R.","family":"Hibbing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Motl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, November 12). 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