{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:16:22Z","timestamp":1780449382873,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Science Creator program at the Medical University of Gdansk","award":["K05 0004691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K05 0004691"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, which cannot be fully accounted for by traditional risk factors. Background\/Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of adipokines, myokines, gut-microbiota-derived uremic toxins, and nutritional status on the risk of CV mortality in patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Methods: This study includes 84 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 44 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adipokines and myokines concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), while gut-microbiota-derived uremic toxins were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). Nutritional status was assessed using the seven-point Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and anthropometric measurements. The survival was analyzed using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves with the log-rank test, along with univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The mean follow-up period was 18.2 (8) months for the HD group and 14.3 (8) months for the PD group. During the 2-year follow-up, 15.5% of HD patients and 6.8% of PD patients died due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the HD group, age, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), phosphorus, interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-protein (hsCRP), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels were significantly associated with CV mortality. HD patients who died had significantly lower myostatin\/IL-6 ratios. CV mortality was significantly associated with age and potassium levels in the PD group. Conclusions: The examined adipokines, myokines, and gut-microbiota-derived uremic toxins exert a less significant direct influence on survival compared to widely recognized indicators, including age, nutritional status, and inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17061043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T04:29:28Z","timestamp":1742185768000},"page":"1043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nutritional Status, Uremic Toxins, and Metabo-Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Two-Year Cardiovascular Mortality in Dialysis Patients: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3470-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Czaja-Stolc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-1748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Potrykus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Oncological, Transplant, and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9666-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Ruszkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8210-8063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"D\u0119bska-\u015alizie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8773-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Ma\u0142gorzewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00542-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of haemodialysis outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Bello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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