{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1789506692673,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7222249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength and is associated with aging. Recently, its links with the gut\u2013muscle axis have been reported, suggesting that probiotics could influence muscle health. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the protective roles of two lactic acid bacteria strains, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus ST-G30 (ST-G30) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPc-G110 (LPc-G110), on skeletal muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (DEX) in C2C12 myotubes. Results: Our results demonstrated that ST-G30 significantly alleviated DEX-induced myotube atrophy by increasing the myotubes\u2019 diameter (25.95 \u00b1 1.28 vs. 15.30 \u00b1 0.30 \u03bcm, p &lt; 0.01), improving the fusion index (48.35 \u00b1 1.75 vs. 22.16 \u00b1 2.36%, p &lt; 0.0001), and increasing the protein content (1.78 \u00b1 0.02 vs. 1.56 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/mL, p &lt; 0.05) and myotube length (0.61 \u00b1 0.05 vs. 0.33 \u00b1 0.01, p &lt; 0.05), whereas LPc-G110 showed no significant effect on these phenotypes (p &gt; 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis reveals that ST-G30 modulates critical signaling pathways and biological processes related to skeletal muscle health. In the current study, KEGG enrichment analysis and WGCNA enabled identification of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as a key regulator of these processes, highlighting its essential role in mitigating DEX-induced muscle atrophy. Furthermore, the overlapping DEGs associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway showed strong correlations with muscle atrophy-related indices. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of ST-G30 as a promising anti-muscle atrophy supplement and provide valuable insights for developing strategies to prevent and treat glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T04:17:14Z","timestamp":1742962634000},"page":"1141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus ST-G30 Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Gook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Solar Salt Research Center, Mokpo National University, Muangun 58554, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunlun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9309-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arosio, B., Calvani, R., Ferri, E., Coelho-Junior, H.J., Carandina, A., Campanelli, F., Ghiglieri, V., Marzetti, E., and Picca, A. (2023). Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Targeting the Muscle\u2013Brain Axis. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081853"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101739","article-title":"Gut microbiota as a promising therapeutic target for age-related sarcopenia","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res. 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