{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:28Z","timestamp":1787029288888,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Society of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Pediatric Asthma","award":["2022 SEICAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 SEICAP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Allergic asthma incidence is increasing, probably due to the influence of the Western diet. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDi) and omega-3 fatty acids composition (n-3 PUFAs) may be linked to a lower prevalence and lower severity of childhood asthma; however, the association is inconclusive. This study aims to examine the relationship between adherence to the MedDi, asthma severity, and erythrocyte fatty acid profile in Spanish children with atopic asthma. Methods: This study was based on an ongoing single-center, prospective, cross-sectional cohort study involving 95 consecutively enrolled children from an outpatient tertiary referral center. Of these, 55 had atopic asthma and 40 were age-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were collected to analyze the erythrocyte fatty acid content. Participants\u2019 demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded using validated self-reported outcome measures. Asthma severity and pulmonary function were assessed. Results: Asthmatics presented poorer adherence to the MedDi (p = 0.034) and lower n-3 PUFA levels (p = 0.019). Asthmatics with poor adherence to the MedDi were more likely to be overweight (p = 0.001) and to have moderate-severe asthma (p = 0.049); and lower n-3 PUFAs levels (p = 0.033). Children with mild asthma had higher n-3 PUFAs levels than those with moderate or severe asthma (p = 0.036). Conclusions: These findings highlight that adherence to the MedDi and a high erythrocyte fatty acid profile seem to have a protective effect in childhood asthma. Future well-controlled interventions should focus on the effects of MedDi patterns and n-3 PUFA intake on the primary prevention of childhood asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T12:41:02Z","timestamp":1743079262000},"page":"1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Profile, Mediterranean Diet and Asthma Severity in Childhood Allergic Asthma: Preliminary Findings from a Cohort Study in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-9847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roser","family":"Ayats-Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela-Adelina","family":"Albiciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Bruch-Molist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0593-0914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Cuartero-Gorj\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0418-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Cordobilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0209-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Pedrosa-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Susanna-Calero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Valdesoiro-Navarrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Larramona-Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Asensio-de la Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergies, Immunology and Pneumology Unit, Pediatric Medicine Service, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 i Innovaci\u00f3 Parc Taul\u00ed (I3PT-CERCA), Parc Taul\u00ed Hospital Universitari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2481-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Castro-Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Research Unit in ME\/CFS and Long COVID, Vall d\u2019Hebron Hospital Research Institute, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08042 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan Carles","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, 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