{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:09:57Z","timestamp":1784563797066,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32302264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302264"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32202217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202217"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32122069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32122069"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BJJWZYJH01201910011025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJJWZYJH01201910011025"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["32302264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302264"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["32202217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202217"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["32122069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32122069"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program","award":["BJJWZYJH01201910011025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJJWZYJH01201910011025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder in which cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TGs) in the blood exceed the normal physiological levels. The incidence of the condition has continued to rise in recent years, posing a serious threat to public health. Its clinical treatment mainly relies on drug interventions, such as statins, fibrate, and niacin. Although these drugs have shown some efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, their adverse effects cannot be ignored. In contrast, naturally derived peptides have gradually become potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia due to their strong anti-hyperlipidemic activity and safety; examples of such peptides include those from dairy products, grains, legumes, and seafood. This review systematically summarizes peptides with anti-hyperlipidemic activity and analyzes their mechanisms of action, providing a theoretical basis for further research. In addition, we also outline some challenges facing the application of peptides, hoping to prevent hyperlipidemia and reduce its incidence by encouraging the consumption of foods rich in anti-hyperlipidemia peptides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T06:06:35Z","timestamp":1743141995000},"page":"1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Research Progress on Anti-Hyperlipidemia Peptides Derived from Foods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mingxia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan\u00b7Beijing Technology and Business University, Luohe 462300, China"},{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe Food Engineering Vocational University, Luohe 462000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaina","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan\u00b7Beijing Technology and Business University, Luohe 462300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flavor Science of China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan\u00b7Beijing Technology and Business University, Luohe 462300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flavor Science of China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan\u00b7Beijing Technology and Business University, Luohe 462300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flavor Science of China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3631-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lishui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3095-3083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan\u00b7Beijing Technology and Business University, Luohe 462300, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Flavor Science of China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.10.019","article-title":"Dyslipidemia","volume":"42","author":"Mancini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berta, E., Zs\u00edros, N., Bodor, M., Balogh, I., L\u0151rincz, H., Paragh, G., and Harangi, M. (2022). Clinical Aspects of Genetic and Non-Genetic Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13071158"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101238","article-title":"Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Lipoprotein Metabolism","volume":"50","author":"Heeren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2006.03.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Dyslipidemia","volume":"31","author":"Gau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.057","article-title":"Worldwide Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Meta-Analyses of 11 Million Subjects","volume":"75","author":"Beheshti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Eckardstein, A., and Binder, C.J. (2022). Diet, Lifestyle, Smoking. Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Improving State-of-the-Art Management and Search for Novel Targets, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86076-9"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"582","article-title":"Lipid Profile and Lipoprotein(a) Testing","volume":"120","author":"Parhofer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.06.001","article-title":"Weight Loss Strategies for Treatment of Obesity: Lifestyle Management and Pharmacotherapy","volume":"61","author":"Kushner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progress. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zodda, D., Giammona, R., and Schifilliti, S. (2018). Treatment Strategy for Dyslipidemia in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Focus on Old and New Drugs. Pharmacy, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy6010010"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mudgil, P., Feyisola, A., Alyafei, A., Yap, P.-G., Gan, C.-Y., and Maqsood, S. (2024). Unlocking the Hypolipidemic Potential of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Probiotic Fermented Cattle, Camel, Goat, and Sheep Milk: A Comprehensive Investigation through in Vitro, in Silico, and Molecular Docking Studies. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2024.1443708"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.140715","article-title":"Comprehensive Review of Plant-Derived Anti-Hyperlipidemia Peptides: Production, Anti-Hyperlipidemia Mechanism, and Structure-Activity Relationship Study","volume":"461","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fularski, P., Hajdys, J., Majchrowicz, G., Stabrawa, M., M\u0142ynarska, E., Rysz, J., and Franczyk, B. (2024). Unveiling Familial Hypercholesterolemia\u2014Review, Cardiovascular Complications, Lipid-Lowering Treatment and Its Efficacy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031637"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo, C.C., and Coschigano, K.T. (2020). ApoB48 as an Efficient Regulator of Intestinal Lipid Transport. Front. Physiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00796"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kounatidis, D., Vallianou, N.G., Poulaki, A., Evangelopoulos, A., Panagopoulos, F., Stratigou, T., Geladari, E., Karampela, I., and Dalamaga, M. (2024). ApoB100 and Atherosclerosis: What\u2019s New in the 21st Century?. Metabolites, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14020123"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00613-5","article-title":"Apolipoproteins in Vascular Biology and Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"19","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz962","article-title":"Low-Density Lipoproteins Cause Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological, Genetic, and Therapeutic Insights: A Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel","volume":"41","author":"Chapman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0052-6","article-title":"The Complex Molecular Genetics of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"16","author":"Berberich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.04.004","article-title":"Coronary Artery Calcification and Family History of Myocardial Infarction in the Dallas Heart Study","volume":"7","author":"Paixao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Jacc Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20882","article-title":"Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 (PCSK9) Gene in Cholesterol Metabolism and Disease","volume":"30","author":"Abifadel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01690-3","article-title":"Targeting Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin\/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9): From Bench to Bedside","volume":"9","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuzmich, N., Andresyuk, E., Porozov, Y., Tarasov, V., Samsonov, M., Preferanskaya, N., Veselov, V., and Alyautdin, R. (2022). PCSK9 as a Target for Development of a New Generation of Hypolipidemic Drugs. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020434"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.301621","article-title":"PCSK9: A Key Modulator of Cardiovascular Health","volume":"114","author":"Seidah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, W.R., Lightstone, F.C., and Cheng, F. (2020). In Silico Insights into Protein\u2013Protein Interaction Disruptive Mutations in the PCSK9-LDLR Complex. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051550"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0110-5","article-title":"Inhibiting PCSK9\u2014Biology beyond LDL Control","volume":"15","author":"Stoekenbroek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.11.003","article-title":"Dietary Management of Dyslipidemia and the Impact of Dietary Patterns on Lipid Disorders","volume":"75","author":"Agarwala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Progress. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.11.005","article-title":"Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Cardiovascular Events in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.12.022","article-title":"Metabolism of Sugars: A Window to the Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis by Splanchnic Organs","volume":"40","author":"Tappy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.12.011","article-title":"Sugars and Gastrointestinal Health","volume":"20","author":"Arnone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-021-00533-0","article-title":"The Impact of Excessive Salt Intake on Human Health","volume":"18","author":"Hunter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H76","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00708.2019","article-title":"The Effects of Exercise Training on Lipid Metabolism and Coronary Heart Disease","volume":"319","author":"Muscella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2017.11.005","article-title":"Effects of Endurance Training on Serum Lipids","volume":"101","author":"Fikenzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2006.10.019","article-title":"Endurance Exercise Training Raises High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Lowers Small Low-Density Lipoprotein and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Independent of Body Fat Phenotypes in Older Men and Women","volume":"56","author":"Halverstadt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Remchak, M.-M.E., Piersol, K.L., Bhatti, S., Spaeth, A.M., Buckman, J.F., and Malin, S.K. (2021). Considerations for Maximizing the Exercise \u201cDrug\u201d to Combat Insulin Resistance: Role of Nutrition, Sleep, and Alcohol. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051708"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111629","article-title":"Could \u201cCellular Exercise\u201d Be the Missing Ingredient in a Healthy Life? Diets, Caloric Restriction, and Exercise-Induced Hormesis","volume":"99\u2013100","author":"Pinches","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Wang, X., Zheng, Q., Gao, L., and Sun, Q. (2022). Sleep Deprivation and Central Appetite Regulation. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245196"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhlaghi, M., and Kohanmoo, A. (2023). Sleep Deprivation in Development of Obesity, Effects on Appetite Regulation, Energy Metabolism, and Dietary Choices. Nutr. Res. Rev., 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422423000264"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12603","article-title":"Does Stress Influence Sleep Patterns, Food Intake, Weight Gain, Abdominal Obesity and Weight Loss Interventions and Vice Versa?","volume":"19","author":"Geiker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, W., Gao, C., Zhao, X., Li, C., Fan, B., Lv, J., Wei, M., He, L., Su, C., and Zhang, T. (2022). Four-Way Decomposition of Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Body Mass Index on Serum Lipid Profiles. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270486"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, X., Yang, S., Lu, J., and Wu, M. (2021). Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.804214"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.171","article-title":"Metabolic Effects of Smoking Cessation","volume":"12","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200217123901","article-title":"Chronic Tobacco Exposure by Smoking Develops Insulin Resistance","volume":"20","author":"Mukharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jing, Y.-S., Ma, Y.-F., Pan, F.-B., Li, M.-S., Zheng, Y.-G., Wu, L.-F., and Zhang, D.-S. (2022). An Insight into Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Polysaccharides from Natural Resources. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061903"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v13.i11.1512","article-title":"Fatty Acid Metabolism and Acyl-CoA Synthetases in the Liver-Gut Axis","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2022.106966","article-title":"The Multiple Facets of Acetyl-CoA Metabolism: Energetics, Biosynthesis, Regulation, Acylation and Inborn Errors","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Wu, K., Mi, X., Rajput, S.A., and Qi, D. (2023). Effects of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Cholesterol Metabolism in Laying Hens. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13111868"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., and Li, M. (2024). Unlocking Cholesterol Metabolism in Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Molecular Targets and Natural Product Interventions. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17081073"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2019.04.002","article-title":"Inhibition of Human 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl CoA Reductase by Peptides Leading to Cholesterol Homeostasis through SREBP2 Pathway in HepG2 Cells","volume":"1867","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Bba)-Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.824","article-title":"Recognized Sequence and Conformation in Design of Linear Peptides as a Competitive Inhibitor for HMG-CoA Reductase","volume":"20","author":"Pak","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.10.064","article-title":"Binding Effect and Design of a Competitive Inhibitory Peptide for HMG-CoA Reductase through Modeling of an Active Peptide Backbone","volume":"16","author":"Pak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.01.001","article-title":"Evaluation of Hypolipidemic Peptide (Val-Phe-Val-Arg-Asn) Virtual Screened from Chickpea Peptides by Pharmacophore Model in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rat","volume":"54","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.02.005","article-title":"A Physiology-Based Model of Bile Acid Distribution and Metabolism Under Healthy and Pathologic Conditions in Human Beings","volume":"10","author":"Voronova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, G., Peng, W., Wei, L., Li, R., Yuan, Y., Huang, X., and Yin, Y. (2020). Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Interfere with Bile Acid Enterohepatic Circulation to Regulate Cholesterol Metabolism of Growing-Finishing Pigs via Its Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity. Front. Nutr., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.617676"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30975","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG Prevents Liver Fibrosis Through Inhibiting Hepatic Bile Acid Synthesis and Enhancing Bile Acid Excretion in Mice","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12058","article-title":"Prevention of Cholesterol Gallstones by Inhibiting Hepatic Biosynthesis and Intestinal Absorption of Cholesterol","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03266B","article-title":"Sterol Sulfate Alleviates Atherosclerosis via Mediating Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 Mice","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2019.01.001","article-title":"Bile Acid Receptors and Gastrointestinal Functions","volume":"3","author":"Ticho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katafuchi, T., and Makishima, M. (2022). Molecular Basis of Bile Acid-FXR-FGF15\/19 Signaling Axis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116046"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00566-7","article-title":"Role of Bile Acids and Their Receptors in Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Pathophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Fuchs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, M., Thirouard, L., Sed\u00e8s, L., Monrose, M., Holota, H., Caira, F., Volle, D.H., and Beaudoin, C. (2018). Nuclear Receptor Metabolism of Bile Acids and Xenobiotics: A Coordinated Detoxification System with Impact on Health and Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113630"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00804-9","article-title":"Targeting the Alternative Bile Acid Synthetic Pathway for Metabolic Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.122823","article-title":"Role of CETP, PCSK-9, and CYP7-Alpha in Cholesterol Metabolism: Potential Targets for Natural Products in Managing Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"351","author":"Aguchem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2021.07.002","article-title":"Bile Acid Receptors and Signaling Crosstalk in the Liver, Gut and Brain","volume":"5","author":"Ferrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"389","article-title":"The Role of AMP Kinase in Diabetes","volume":"125","author":"Misra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.106766","article-title":"Potential Implications of Food Proteins-Bile Salts Interactions","volume":"118","author":"Bellesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.01.027","article-title":"A Delivery System for Oral Administration of Proteins\/Peptides Through Bile Acid Transport Channels","volume":"108","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2200883","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200883","article-title":"Extension Region Domain of Soybean 7S Globulin Contributes to Serum Triglyceride-Lowering Effect via Modulation of Bile Acids Homeostasis","volume":"67","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.01.022","article-title":"Functional Significance of Bioactive Peptides Derived from Soybean","volume":"54","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albitar, O., D\u2019Souza, C.M., and Adeghate, E.A. (2024). Effects of Lipoproteins on Metabolic Health. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132156"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stanciulescu, L.A., Scafa-Udriste, A., and Dorobantu, M. (2023). Exploring the Association between Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes\u2014A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076669"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Bollati, C., Bartolomei, M., Mazzolari, A., Arnoldi, A., Vistoli, G., and Lammi, C. (2022). Hempseed (Cannabis Sativa) Peptide H3 (IGFLIIWV) Exerts Cholesterol-Lowering Effects in Human Hepatic Cell Line. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091804"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.323284","article-title":"VLDL Biogenesis and Secretion: It Takes a Village","volume":"134","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5782","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00199C","article-title":"Corn Peptides Improved Obesity-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Relieving Lipid Metabolism, Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dun\u00e9r, P., Mattisson, I.Y., Fogelstrand, P., Glise, L., Ruiz, S., Farina, C., Bor\u00e9n, J., Nilsson, J., and Bengtsson, E. (2021). Antibodies against apoB100 Peptide 210 Inhibit Atherosclerosis in apoE-\/- Mice. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88430-1"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2012.02.001","article-title":"The Degradation of Apolipoprotein B100: Multiple Opportunities to Regulate VLDL Triglyceride Production by Different Proteolytic Pathways","volume":"1821","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J.-X., He, K.-Y., Zhang, Z.-Z., Qu, Y.-L., Su, X.-B., Shi, Y., Wang, N., Wang, L., and Han, Z.-G. (2021). LZP Is Required for Hepatic Triacylglycerol Transportation through Maintaining Apolipoprotein B Stability. PLoS Genet., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009357"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Wei, Y., Huang, Q., Chen, Y., Zeng, K., Yang, W., Chen, J., and Chen, J. (2022). Important Hormones Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27207052"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab232","article-title":"Dietary Nucleotides Alleviate Hepatic Lipid Deposition via Exogenous AMP-Mediated AMPK Activation in Zebrafish","volume":"151","author":"Ran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, M., Choi, Y.-J., Tang, Y., Kim, J.H., Kim, B., Lee, B., Bae, S.M., and Kim, E.-K. (2021). AGL9: A Novel Hepatoprotective Peptide from the Larvae of Edible Insects Alleviates Obesity-Induced Hepatic Inflammation by Regulating AMPK\/Nrf2 Signaling. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10091973"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guha, S., and Majumder, K. (2019). Structural-Features of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Anti-Inflammatory Activity: A Brief Review. J. Food Biochem., 43.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12531"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180604114819","article-title":"The LDL-Receptor and Its Molecular Properties: From Theory to Novel Biochemical and Pharmacological Approaches in Reducing LDL-Cholesterol","volume":"27","author":"Petroglou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagaoka, S. (2019). Structure-Function Properties of Hypolipidemic Peptides. J. Food Biochem., 43.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12539"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higashi, Y. (2022). Roles of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction-Related Disease. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101958"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2021.2014861","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Fish Peptides on Cardiometabolic Syndrome Associated Risk Factors: A Review","volume":"39","author":"Abachi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.04.029","article-title":"Structural and Functional Analysis of Three I\u03bab Kinases (IKK) in Disk Abalone (Haliotis Discus Discus): Investigating Their Role in the Innate Immune Responses","volume":"103","author":"Priyathilaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish. Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7282","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913400","article-title":"Superoxide Dismutase: An Updated Review on Its Health Benefits and Industrial Applications","volume":"62","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15061","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c05594","article-title":"Selenium-Containing Proteins\/Peptides from Plants: A Review on the Structures and Functions","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2010.01.003","article-title":"Development and Biological Activities of Marine-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Review","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.06.020","article-title":"Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria Frondosa) Gonad Hydrolysates in Type II Diabetic Rats","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Human. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.05.001","article-title":"Purification of Novel Anti-Inflammatory Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysate of the Edible Microalgal Spirulina maxima","volume":"5","author":"Vo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.3390\/md11103861","article-title":"Chlorella 11-Peptide Inhibits the Production of Macrophage-Induced Adhesion Molecules and Reduces Endothelin-1 Expression and Endothelial Permeability","volume":"11","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.10.006","article-title":"Development of a Seaweed Derived Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) Inhibitory Hydrolysate, Synthesis of Inhibitory Peptides and Assessment of Their Toxicity Using the Zebrafish Larvae Assay","volume":"50","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105061","article-title":"An ACE Inhibitory Peptide from Isochrysis Zhanjiangensis Exhibits Antihypertensive Effect via Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Apoptosis in HUVEC and Hypertensive Rats","volume":"92","author":"Pei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5565","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c09092","article-title":"Novel Hypocholesterolemic Peptides Derived from Silver Carp Muscle: The Modulatory Effects on Enterohepatic Cholesterol Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9383","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA13102J","article-title":"Preventive Effect of Goby Fish Protein Hydrolysates on Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease in Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat\/Fructose Diet","volume":"8","author":"Nasri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rsc Adv."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22303","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA00657A","article-title":"Protective Effects of Thornback Ray Muscle Protein Hydrolysate against Dyslipidemia, Oxidative Stress and Reduced Fertility Induced by High Cholesterol Diet in Adult Male Rats","volume":"8","author":"Lassoued","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rsc Adv."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.12.006","article-title":"Graded Levels of Fish Protein Hydrolysate in High Plant Diets for Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus): Effects on Growth Performance and Lipid Accumulation","volume":"454","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/10498850.2018.1559903","article-title":"Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from Fermented Fish Sauce (Budu)","volume":"28","author":"Najafian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Food Product. Technol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.08.017","article-title":"Bioactive Peptides Derived from Marine Sources: Biological and Functional Properties","volume":"119","author":"Cunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Dong, X., Zhou, M., Xu, Z., and Xiang, X. (2024). Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Oyster Peptides in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Food Biosci., 58.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.103529"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1715-1","article-title":"Scallop Protein with Endogenous High Taurine and Glycine Content Prevents High-Fat, High-Sucrose-Induced Obesity and Improves Plasma Lipid Profile in Male C57BL\/6J Mice","volume":"46","author":"Tastesen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.02.021","article-title":"IAVPGEVA, IAVPTGVA, and LPYP, Three Peptides from Soy Glycinin, Modulate Cholesterol Metabolism in HepG2 Cells through the Activation of the LDLR-SREBP2 Pathway","volume":"14","author":"Lammi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.02.009","article-title":"Investigations on the Hypocholesterolaemic Activity of LILPKHSDAD and LTFPGSAED, Two Peptides from Lupin \u03b2-Conglutin: Focus on LDLR and PCSK9 Pathways","volume":"32","author":"Zanoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2021.100165","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Cholesterol Esterase and Lipase Inhibitory Peptides from Amaranth Protein Hydrolysates","volume":"12","author":"Mudgil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.04.020","article-title":"Proteolytic Hydrolysis of Cowpea Proteins Is Able to Release Peptides with Hypocholesterolemic Activit","volume":"77","author":"Marques","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfutfo.2022.08.006","article-title":"Effects of Hericium Erinaceus Polypeptide on Lowering Blood Lipids of Mice with Hyperlipidemia Induced by a High-Fat Diet","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Future Foods"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.03.016","article-title":"Lipid Metabolism Potential and Mechanism of CPe-III from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","volume":"104","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136315","article-title":"Study on the Hypolipidemic Activity of Rapeseed Pro-tein-Derived Peptides","volume":"423","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ajayi, F.F., Mudgil, P., Jobe, A., Antony, P., Vijayan, R., Gan, C.-Y., and Maqsood, S. (2023). Novel Plant-Protein (Quinoa) Derived Bioactive Peptides with Potential Anti-Hypercholesterolemic Activities: Identification, Characterization and Molecular Docking of Bioactive Peptides. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12061327"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X.-Y., Zhong, D.-Y., Wang, G.-L., Zhang, R.-G., and Zhang, Y.-L. (2021). Effect of Walnut Meal Peptides on Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051410"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, F., Wang, Z., Song, X., Yang, M., Xu, Y., Zeng, X., Wu, Z., Pan, D., Luo, H., and Lv, L. (2024). The Cholesterol-Lowering Effects and Mechanisms of Novel Milk Casein-Derived Peptides in Hyperlipidemia and Hypercholesterol Mice. Food Biosci., 61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104730"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.56.208","article-title":"Chicken Collagen Hydrolysate Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in C57BL\/6.KOR-ApoEshl Mice","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70.112","article-title":"Consumption of Pork-Liver Protein Hydrolysate Reduces Body Fat in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats by Suppressing Hepatic Lipogenesis","volume":"70","author":"Shimizu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"64","article-title":"Biological Activities of Fermented Camel Milk Peptides: A Review","volume":"14","year":"2024","journal-title":"Al-Qadisiyah J. Agric. Sci. QJAS"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.03.052","article-title":"Effects of Chicken-Liver Hydrolysates on Lipid Metabolism in a High-Fat Diet","volume":"160","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9877","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c02982","article-title":"Bovine Bone Gelatin-Derived Peptides: Food Processing Characteristics and Evaluation of Antihypertensive and Antihyperlipidemic Activities","volume":"70","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13194","article-title":"Camel Milk Protein Hydrolysates with Improved Technofunctional Properties and Enhanced Antioxidant Potential in in Vitro and in Food Model Systems","volume":"101","author":"Mudgil","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prete, V., Abate, A.C., Di Pietro, P., De Lucia, M., Vecchione, C., and Carrizzo, A. (2024). Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Supplementation in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050642"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.6.1320","article-title":"Fish Protein Hydrolysate Reduces Plasma Total Cholesterol, Increases the Proportion of HDL Cholesterol, and Lowers Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyl-transferase Activity in Liver of Zucker Rats","volume":"134","author":"Wergedahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8829","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b02742","article-title":"Hempseed Peptides Exert Hypocholesterolemic Effects with a Statin-Like Mechanism","volume":"65","author":"Zanoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.115190","article-title":"Absorption of Food-Derived Peptides: Mechanisms, Influencing Factors, and Enhancement Strategies","volume":"197","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/7\/1181\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:04:14Z","timestamp":1760029454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/7\/1181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17071181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17071181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]}}}