{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:56:57Z","timestamp":1787777817776,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hepatotoxicity, a significant complication of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment, is generally triggered by oxidative stress, liver damage, and apoptosis processes that take place in cancer patients. Methods: In this study, the protective effect of different astaxanthin (ASX) dosages (16 and 32\/mg\/kg\/bw) was determined in rats with 5-FU-induced liver damage. Results: 5-FU induced a significant increase in the histopathological lesions severity and immunohistochemical (TNF-\u03b1 and 8-OHdG) expression scores in the liver (p &lt; 0.001), significantly increased serum liver parameters (AST, ALP, ALT, GGT, and TP) and malondialdehyde (p &lt; 0.001), and, at the same time, significantly decreased antioxidant parameters (SOD, CAT, GST, GSR, Caspase-3, and GPx) (p &lt; 0.001). Histopathological lesions and oxidative stress parameters significantly decreased in parallel while increasing the ASX dosage (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Based on these data, our results suggest that ASX may be considered a promising and valuable agent to mitigate hepatotoxicity and resistance mechanisms during cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T05:29:19Z","timestamp":1743485359000},"page":"1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Astaxanthin Mitigates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Male Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yasin","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Ere\u011fli 42310, Konya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Ere\u011fli 42310, Konya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-964X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet Bahaeddin","family":"D\u00f6rtbudak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, \u015eanl\u0131urfa 63200, \u015eanl\u0131urfa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3423-6815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Enrico","family":"Magi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8122-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Cerbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1074","article-title":"5-fluorouracil: Mechanisms of action and clinical strategies","volume":"3","author":"Longley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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