{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:48:22Z","timestamp":1787161702410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Research on Chronic Disease Prevention in Children","award":["202208159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208159"]}]},{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST","award":["2023QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QNRC001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023-JC-QN-0895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-QN-0895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Diet plays a crucial role in the intake of phytoestrogens, which are closely related to the pathogenesis of some pregnancy complications. However, no studies have explored the potential association between soy isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen, and the risk of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). This study aims to investigate the correlation between dietary intake of soy isoflavones and the risk of HG. (2) Methods: As part of the China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS), 2418 pregnant Chinese women (mean age: 31.2 \u00b1 3.4 years) were enrolled between April 2021 and September 2022. Dietary intake was evaluated using a validated 108-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, with soy isoflavones intake estimated based on five food groups. HG was defined as a condition characterized by a pregnancy-specific vomiting score (PUQE) \u2265 13, weight loss of \u22655% due to severe nausea and vomiting before 16 weeks of gestation, inability to eat or drink normally, significant limitations in daily activities due to severe nausea or vomiting, or the need for hospitalization caused by the condition. The association between soy isoflavones intake and HG was analyzed using binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression. (3) Results: Among all participants, 212 women (8.8%) were diagnosed with HG. The dietary intake of soy isoflavones was 14.56 (IQR: 9.89, 25.36) mg\/d. After full adjustment for confounding factors, the results indicated that individuals with the highest dietary intake of soy isoflavones had a lower risk of developing HG (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.88. Ptrend = 0.012). (4) Conclusions: Higher dietary intake of soy isoflavones is associated with a reduced risk of HG. We advocate for a dietary approach to the management of HG that prioritizes the intake of legume-rich foods, particularly those abundant in soy isoflavones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T03:23:07Z","timestamp":1743996187000},"page":"1282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between Dietary Soy Isoflavones Intake and the Risk of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Siyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E477","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.221502","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum","volume":"196","author":"Jansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0110-3","article-title":"Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum","volume":"5","author":"Fejzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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