{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:16:20Z","timestamp":1792181780799,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education\u2014Development of Young Researchers","award":["16\/NSN\/W\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/NSN\/W\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education\u2014Development of Young Researchers","award":["6\/NSN\/W\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/NSN\/W\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) is becoming a popular nutritional model for athletes. One limitation of this diet is the use of animal-meat products, which may be unacceptable to some people. Moreover, the relationship between this diet\u2019s use, body composition, and strength capacity has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to assess the effects of a two-week fish-based restrictive KD on body composition, strength capacity (isometric muscle strength), and somatic disorders in healthy adults. Methods: Participants were recruited through advertisements, posters displayed at the university, and information shared among colleagues. Ultimately, 14 individuals qualified for this study. For two weeks, they followed a designated ketogenic diet enriched with fish and omega-3 fatty acids, with a calorie reduction of \u2212500 kcal\/day. The study was designed and conducted as a single-group pre\u2013post study. Before and after completing the diet, participants\u2019 body composition (body mass, body fat, fat-free mass, and visceral fat) and strength capacity (knee extensor peak torque [KEPT] and knee flexor peak torque [KFPT]) were measured. The survey also analyzed participants\u2019 somatic disorders such as nausea, vomiting, energy level, diarrhea, constipation, drowsiness, sleep problems, hunger, thirst, and bad breath. The average results of both trials obtained before and after the diet were compared using the paired Student\u2019s t-test or non-parametric test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: After two weeks of a fish-based restrictive KD, significant increases in ketone bodies were observed in both the blood (pre: 0.21 mmol\/L \u00b1 0.15 vs. post: 2.20 \u00b1 1.19, p &lt; 0.001) and urine (pre: 0.00 mmol\/L \u00b1 0.00 vs. post: 4.64 mmol\/L \u00b1 3.24, p &lt; 0.001). Body composition changes included significant reductions in total body mass (pre: 76.66 kg \u00b1 11.06 vs. post: 73.77 kg \u00b1 10.76, p &lt; 0.001), fat mass (pre: 21.34 kg \u00b1 7.36 vs. post: 19.73 kg \u00b1 7.20, p &lt; 0.001), and visceral fat (pre: 708.50 g \u00b1 627.67 vs. post: 603.21 g \u00b1 567.82, p = 0.0012). Skeletal muscle mass decreased by 2% (pre: 27.75 kg \u00b1 5.80 vs. post: 27.03 kg \u00b1 5.47, p = 0.01), though no significant changes were seen in muscle strength when adjusting for body mass or skeletal muscle mass. No major adverse effects were noted in relation to somatic disorders, although some participants reported increased thirst and bad breath. Conclusions: After 14 days of a fish-based restrictive KD, a significant reduction in body mass and changes in body composition were observed, with no loss of muscle strength. This type of diet may serve as an effective method for rapid body mass reduction in sports with weight categories, while preserving muscle strength, which is crucial for athletes. It could also be an alternative means for individuals to eliminate animal meat from their diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T03:32:53Z","timestamp":1744169573000},"page":"1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of a Fish-Based Restrictive Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Strength Capacity: A Pre\u2013Post Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1104-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Siedzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"G\u00f3ral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Rodziewicz-Flis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Olek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wies\u0142aw","family":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-219 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533611405791","article-title":"Low-Carbohydrate Diet Review","volume":"26","author":"Hite","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. 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