{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:21:04Z","timestamp":1791004864714,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Food neophobia, defined as the fear of eating new and unfamiliar foods, can influence the development of children\u2019s eating habits and limit the variety in their diets. The present study aimed to assess the level of food neophobia in children based on parents\u2019 opinions and to analyse their attitudes towards a variety of foods. Methods: The survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, children\u2019s level of neophobia was assessed using the Children\u2019s Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS), which was completed by parents\/guardians. A total of 133 participants representing paired responses were selected for analysis. In the second stage, children completed an original graphic questionnaire assessing their attitudes towards selected foods, divided into groups: positively, negatively, and neutrally perceived. The survey was conducted in a primary school in Pomeranian Province in January 2025. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used as a non-parametric statistical test to compare three groups. If necessary, post hoc tests (Dunn\u2019s or Tukey\u2019s) were performed to determine between which specific groups the differences existed. To assess the statistical relationship between the level of neophobia declared by parents and the type of attitudes among children, Pearson\u2019s Chi2 test was used with a statistical significance level of p &lt; 0.05. Results: It was found that 42.11% of children showed a high level of food neophobia, indicating a significant problem in the acceptance of new products in the diet. Commonly known and widely consumed products, such as ice cream, tomatoes, and cutlets, received the highest ratings. Edible insects and edible flowers were the least preferred. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test revealed significant differences in the level of neophobia among the three groups, and post hoc Tukey tests were conducted to determine the specific groups between which these differences occurred. Children with high and low levels of neophobia can exhibit both positive and negative attitudes toward different types of food. Conclusions: The results of the study highlight the importance of nutrition education for children and their parents to reduce fear of new products and promote more variety in the diet. Future research would benefit from examining the influence of family and peer environment on the development of food neophobia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T03:59:06Z","timestamp":1744689546000},"page":"1347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Relationship Between the Level of Food Neophobia and Children\u2019s Attitudes Toward Selected Food Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7266-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"D\u0142ugo\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Commodity Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0853-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Skotnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Commodity Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2695-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Zborowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy S\u0105cz, Ko\u015bciuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy S\u0105cz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Skotnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Circle of Pediatrics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Folwarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabri","family":"Bromage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building 2, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazurek, A., Palka, A., Kowalski, S., and Skotnicka, M. (2024). Acceptance of Muffins (Sweet and Savory) with the Addition of T. molitor, A. diaperinus, A. domesticus, R. differens, Considering Psychological Factors (Food Neophobia Scale, Consumer Attitude). Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13111735"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5114\/pedm.2019.87711","article-title":"Food neophobia in children","volume":"25","author":"Januszewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Endocrinol. 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