{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T03:41:55Z","timestamp":1789530115523,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Food hypersensitivity remains an understudied and overlooked subject globally. It is characterized by adverse reactions to dietary substances, potentially triggered by various mechanisms. Food allergy, a subset of food hypersensitivity, denotes an immune response to food proteins categorized into immunoglobulin IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated reactions. Conversely, food intolerance, another facet of food hypersensitivity, refers to non-immunological reactions, in which the human body cannot properly digest certain foods or components, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort and other non-immune-related symptoms. The main objective of this study was to determine and differentiate the differences, characteristics, and types of food hypersensitivity. Methods: This study involved a comprehensive review of key research from 1990 onward, including review articles, prospective studies, nested case\u2013control studies, and meta-analyses. Results: Recognizing these differences is essential for healthcare professionals to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective management, and improved patient outcomes, while also aiding dietitians in providing optimal nutritional and dietary guidance. Conclusions: there are big differences between the main characteristics, such as symptoms, complications, and treatments between allergies, and food intolerances. Commonly reported trigger foods include cow milk, gluten, eggs, nuts, and seafood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T10:04:56Z","timestamp":1744797896000},"page":"1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Food Hypersensitivity: Distinguishing Allergy from Intolerance, Main Characteristics, and Symptoms\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5215-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Hage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon"},{"name":"Hajj Medical Center-Medical & Dental Clinics, Green Zone A Building 71 Ground Floor, Naccache P.O. Box 1201, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonna","family":"Sacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hajj Medical Center-Medical & Dental Clinics, Green Zone A Building 71 Ground Floor, Naccache P.O. Box 1201, Lebanon"},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, Riad Solh, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5076, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Hajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hajj Medical Center-Medical & Dental Clinics, Green Zone A Building 71 Ground Floor, Naccache P.O. Box 1201, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea Nicole","family":"Sayegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale New Haven Hospital, P.O. Box 1880, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Fakhoury-Sayegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh P.O. Box 446, Lebanon"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Nutrition, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Medical Sciences Campus, Damascus Road, Riad Solh, Beirut P.O. 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