{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:22:57Z","timestamp":1782742977592,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qatar University","award":["QUCG-CAS-24\/25-566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUCG-CAS-24\/25-566"]}]},{"name":"Qatar University","award":["QNRF UREP30-078-3-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNRF UREP30-078-3-023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a bioactive compound known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and metabolic effects, with growing interest in its role in supporting bone health. Preclinical studies, particularly those involving the t10c12 isomer, have shown that CLA can enhance bone mineral density (BMD) by enhancing bone formation and reducing bone resorption, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent to improve bone health. However, clinical trials have yielded inconsistent results, underscoring the difficulty in translating animal model successes to human applications. A major challenge is CLA\u2019s low water solubility, poor absorption, and limited bioavailability, which restrict its therapeutic effectiveness. To address these issues, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been proposed to improve its solubility, stability, and resistance to oxidative damage, thereby enhancing its bioactivity. Recent studies also suggest that electrical stimulation can stimulate bone regeneration by promoting bone cell proliferation, differentiation, and adherence to scaffolds. This review explores the combined use of CLA supplementation and electrical stimulation as a novel approach to improving bone health, particularly in osteoporosis management. By integrating CLA\u2019s biological effects with the regenerative potential of electrical stimulation, this multimodal strategy offers a promising method for enhancing bone restoration, with significant implications for clinical applications in bone health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T20:38:26Z","timestamp":1745267906000},"page":"1395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Enhancing Bone Health with Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Innovative Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0756-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khandoker","family":"Hoque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, San Francisco Bay University, Fremont, CA 94539, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zayana","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Maliha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9943-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Al-Ghouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Cugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Cell Therapy Core, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaikh Mizanoor","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7909-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Mizanur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. 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