{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T02:06:35Z","timestamp":1778637995888,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin","award":["WNoZ-302-01\/S\/16\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WNoZ-302-01\/S\/16\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study investigated the relationship between serum selenium concentration and metabolic markers\u2014specifically lipid parameters and glycemic control indicators (fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR)\u2014in middle-aged women, considering age as a covariate. Methods: A total of 387 women aged 45\u201367 years participated. Serum levels of selenium, glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were measured. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the predictive value of the serum selenium concentration compared to age in predicting lipid and glycemic markers. Results: Selenium concentration was significantly and positively associated with HDL cholesterol only. No significant relationships were found between selenium and glycemic markers or other lipid parameters. In contrast, age emerged as a consistent positive predictor of LDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, and HbA1c levels. Furthermore, exploratory analysis suggested that HbA1c may influence the relationship between selenium and HDL\/LDL cholesterol, though no formal moderation analysis was performed. Conclusions: Although serum selenium concentrations were within the normal range, their predictive value was limited to HDL cholesterol. Age showed a stronger and more consistent association with key metabolic markers, highlighting its importance as a predictor of cardiometabolic health in middle-aged women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T09:26:58Z","timestamp":1745486818000},"page":"1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum Selenium and Age as Predictors of Metabolic Health in Middle-Aged Women: A Regression-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Daria","family":"Schneider-Matyka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Cybulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Rachubi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-3518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogumi\u0142a","family":"Pilarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego Str. 3. 29, 71-217 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Panczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska Str. 14\/16, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3679-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Grochans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4908-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"\u0106wiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3171-225X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Bojar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s Health, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Kazimierza Jaczewskiego Str. 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6853-9155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacek","family":"Brodowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Department, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, \u017bo\u0142nierska Str. 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61452-9","article-title":"Selenium and Human Health","volume":"379","author":"Rayman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"42","article-title":"Selenium as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"3","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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