{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T22:19:36Z","timestamp":1772489976643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danish Strategic Research Fund","award":["2101-08-0068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2101-08-0068"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Arabinoxylan (AX) concentrates from wheat can be produced from co-products from the starch and gluten industries. These fractions are rich in AX, have high solubility, can be incorporated into bread and breakfast cereals, and have the potential to enhance functional and nutritional effects beyond what is possible with cereal species. Methods: The aim of this review is to summarize the available literature on AX concentrates from wheat in terms of production, incorporation in breads, and influence on glucose homeostasis in human subjects and animals. Results: Breads enriched in AX fiber have been found to increase the viscosity of digesta from the small intestine but with no effect on the digestibility of starch. In the large intestine, AX is, to a large extent, degraded, producing short-chain fatty acids. Across acute human and animal studies, the intake of AX concentrates has been shown to reduce the rate and extent of glucose absorption and insulin responses in a dose-dependent fashion. No general influence of AX on incretins has been identified, and the role of AX-enriched diets in appetite sensation is unclear. Medium- and long-term human and animal intervention studies demonstrated improved glucose homeostasis (fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin A1c) during the consumption of AX-enriched diets compared to placebo. Although AX concentrates across studies improved glucose homeostasis, a confounding factor to be further investigated is to what extent protein being present in relatively high concentrations in some of the produced AX-rich wheat fractions, partly or fully, is responsible for the observed homeostatic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1746082142000},"page":"1561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Arabinoxylan Concentrate from Wheat as a Functional Food Ingredient to Improve Glucose Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8345-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knud Erik Bach","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helle Nygaard","family":"L\u00e6rke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette Skou","family":"Hedemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5955-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstine Lykke","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Arhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miros\u0142aw Marek","family":"Kasprzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers All\u00e9 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Animal Product Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8042-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per Bendix","family":"Jeppesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merete Lindberg","family":"Hartvigsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Arla Food Ingredient Group P\/S, 8260 Viby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kjeld","family":"Hermansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2013.792772","article-title":"Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation","volume":"56","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. 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