{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T15:53:18Z","timestamp":1790351598474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union under NextGenerationEU","award":["ECS00000043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000043"]}]},{"name":"European Union under NextGenerationEU","award":["2132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2132"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA programme supported by the European Union","award":["ECS00000043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000043"]}]},{"name":"PRIMA programme supported by the European Union","award":["2132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: As a peripheral effect of depression-related traits, sensory responses may predispose individuals to depressive symptoms by prompting suboptimal dietary patterns with long-term effects on mood. Mood disturbances in adolescence are strong predictors of adult mental illness, making it crucial to identify factors that may shift transient mood fluctuations into more severe mental health issues during this vulnerable period. Given the substantial gender differences in susceptibility to comorbidities of depression, we examined whether the link between sensory perception and depressive symptoms in nonclinical adolescents varied by gender and was related to dietary habits. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 232 healthy adolescents (41.8% girls, aged 13\u201317) reported their diet over the past year using the EPIC Food Frequency Questionnaire and rated their liking and perceived intensity of oral sensations from four grapefruit juices and dark chocolate puddings with varying sucrose levels. Additionally, participants completed assessments of anxiety, neuroticism, pickiness, body dissatisfaction, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to evaluate depressive symptoms. Results: We found that girls exhibited higher levels of depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and pickiness compared to boys (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test), and that greater responsiveness to bitterness (e.g., \u03b2 = 0.264, p = 0.037) and astringency (\u03b2 = 0.269, p = 0.029) predicted higher depressive symptoms exclusively in girls. PHQ-9 scores were positively associated with alcohol use in both girls (\u03c1 = 0.176, p = 0.003) and boys (\u03c1 = 0.148, p = 0.004) and inversely related to the intake of beneficial nutrients (e.g., fiber, polyunsaturated fats), particularly in girls. Intriguingly, moderation analyses suggested that associations between nutrient intake and acuity for alarming oral sensations were largely moderated by depression-related traits in girls, but not in boys. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gender moderates the links between depressive symptoms, sensory perception, and dietary habits in healthy adolescents, possibly reflecting gender-specific coping strategies for comorbidities of depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17101653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T12:18:06Z","timestamp":1747052286000},"page":"1653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gender Moderates the Associations Between Responsiveness to Alarming Oral Sensations, Depressive Symptoms, and Dietary Habits in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8690-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Menghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Camarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0049-4306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Endrizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3598-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Concas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d, Via dell\u2019Istria, 65\/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Maternal and Child Health, I.R.C.C.S. \u201cBurlo Garofolo\u201d, Via dell\u2019Istria, 65\/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0055-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Gasperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, February 19). 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