{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:11:29Z","timestamp":1791389489262,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":250,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D and magnesium are essential nutrients that play key roles in an athlete\u2019s performance, recovery, and overall health. Vitamin D is crucial for bone health (aiding calcium absorption and preventing stress fractures), muscle function (preventing weakness and injury), and reducing respiratory infections. Magnesium is fundamental in muscle function, adenosine triphosphate production for muscle contraction, electrolyte balance, bone strength, and cardiovascular health. The magnesium requirement of healthy adults is estimated at 300\u2013400 mg\/day, but there is evidence that athletes may have higher magnesium needs compared to sedentary persons. Magnesium and vitamin D are closely linked\u2014vitamin D aids magnesium absorption, while magnesium is vital for vitamin D synthesis, transport, and activation. Given their importance in athletes, this article explores their functions, interactions, and the effects of deficiencies and supplementation in athletic populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17101655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T03:59:26Z","timestamp":1747108766000},"page":"1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Importance of Vitamin D and Magnesium in Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1466-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia J.","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9328-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Saverio","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore Maria","family":"Baio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2062-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Sgr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Society Sciences, \u201cKore\u201d University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3621-1761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arcangelo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7758-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Sports School of Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) Sicilia, 90141 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8334-6581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738117743913","article-title":"Fueling for Performance","volume":"10","author":"Bytomski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"543","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. 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