{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:18:29Z","timestamp":1785799109565,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: sarcopenia is a physical condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength; it is associated with worse outcomes in oncological diseases and is recognized as an independent predictor of poor survival. The aim of our work is to evaluate the correlation between the pectoralis muscles area (PMA) calculated in breast MRI examinations and the body composition parameters assessed in CT examinations, in order to identify a threshold useful for diagnosing sarcopenia in breast cancer patients who are candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), so as to be able to provide the correct nutritional counselling. Methods: we included 116 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, who were studied with MRI before and after NACT, in the 2018\u20132023 period. All patients were categorized according to age, weight, height, and BMI. Using MRI scans, both before and after treatment, we measured the PMA at the level of the sternal angle of Louis and evaluated the changes caused by NACT, and we performed the same procedure for CT body composition parameters. Results: the ROC we calculated describes the ability of the PMA to discriminate sarcopenic patients from non-sarcopenic ones, identifying an optimal cut-off of 20.55, which achieves a specificity of 92%. The variations in PMA after NACT showed a strong, statistically significant association with the variations in all CT body composition parameters. Conclusions: these results introduce the possibility of also assessing body composition in breast MRI. The novelty in this study is to have estimated, on the basis of these correlations, a cut-off value that reflects the skeletal muscle index threshold for the definition of sarcopenia that is usually used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17101698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T10:24:02Z","timestamp":1747391042000},"page":"1698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Role of Pectoralis Muscle Analysis in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Body Composition Evaluation Before and After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8142-3256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annarita","family":"Pecchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3054-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Mogavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Diagnostic Imaging Department of Modena, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Vaccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Diagnostic Imaging Department of Modena, Azienda USL of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo Cuoghi","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Statistics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-7667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Canino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8969-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Statistics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4007-1503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Dominici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Torricelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-022-01450-3","article-title":"Sarcopenia: How to measure, when and why","volume":"127","author":"Tagliafico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1139-9","article-title":"International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sarcopenia (ICFSR): Screening, Diagnosis and Management","volume":"22","author":"Dent","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0479","article-title":"Recent Issues on Body Composition Imaging for Sarcopenia Evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menozzi, R., Valoriani, F., Ballarin, R., Alemanno, L., Vinciguerra, M., Barbieri, R., Costantini, R.C., D\u2019amico, R., Torricelli, P., and Pecchi, A. (2023). Impact of Nutritional Status on Postoperative Outcomes in Cancer Patients following Elective Pancreatic Surgery. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081958"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.12.030","article-title":"Prognostic value of sarcopenia in adults with solid tumours: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Shachar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2019.04.023","article-title":"The impact of sarcopenia on tolerance of radiation and outcome in patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiation","volume":"137","author":"Ganju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.07.010","article-title":"Prevalence and predictive value of pre-therapeutic sarcopenia in cancer patients: A systematic re-view","volume":"37","author":"Pamoukdjian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v6.i4.119","article-title":"Imaging of skeletal muscle in vita-min D deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Bignotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pecchi, A., Valoriani, F., Cuoghi Costantini, R., Squecco, D., Spallanzani, A., D\u2019amico, R., Dominici, M., Di Benedetto, F., Torricelli, P., and Menozzi, R. (2024). Role of Body Composition in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16121834"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3130","article-title":"Relationship between fatty degeneration of thigh muscles and vitamin D status in the elderly: A preliminary MRI study","volume":"194","author":"Tagliafico","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0471-7_2","article-title":"Vitamin D and Muscle Sarcopenia in Aging","volume":"2138","author":"Abiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davydov, D.M., Boev, A., and Gorbunov, S. (2021). Making the choice between bioelectrical impedance measures for body hydration status assessment. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87253-4"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.01.006","article-title":"Precision of Bone Mineral Density Measurements Around Total Ankle Replacement Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry","volume":"23","author":"Messina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3509-y","article-title":"Prevalence and type of errors in du-al-energy x-ray absorptiometry","volume":"25","author":"Messina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12258","article-title":"Computed tomography diagnosed cachexia and sarcopenia in 725 oncology patients: Is nutritional screening capturing hidden malnutrition?","volume":"9","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly183","article-title":"Opportunistic Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Size and Muscle Attenuation on Computed Tomography Predicts 1-Year Mortality in Medicare Patients","volume":"74","author":"Lenchik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz034","article-title":"Approaches to Assessment of Muscle Mass and Myosteatosis on Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review","volume":"74","author":"Amini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400267","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence in the Evaluation of Body Composition","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Musculoskelet. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.1.115","article-title":"Cadaver validation of skeletal muscle measurement by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography","volume":"85","author":"Mitsiopoulos","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W255","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.14635","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Current Concepts and Imaging Implications","volume":"205","author":"Boutin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2019.100154","article-title":"Evaluation of body Computed Tomography-determined sarcopenia in breast cancer patients and clinical outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Body composition analysis by radiological imaging\u2014Methods, applications, and prospects","volume":"196","author":"Linder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9563","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S216034","article-title":"Predictive Role of Body Composition Parameters in Operable Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Omarini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, J., Meng, W., Li, Q., Zheng, Y., Yin, H., Liu, Y., Zhao, S., and Ma, J. (2024). Pretreatment Sarcopenia and MRI-Based Radiomics to Predict the Response of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Bioengineering, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11070663"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberto, M., Barchiesi, G., Resuli, B., Verrico, M., Speranza, I., Cristofani, L., Pediconi, F., Tomao, F., Botticelli, A., and Santini, D. (2024). Sarcopenia in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16030596"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"101299","article-title":"Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on perioperative nutritional status in breast cancer patients: A prospective cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health West. Pac."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2015.04.003","article-title":"Cachexia and sarcopenia: Mechanisms and potential targets for intervention","volume":"22","author":"Busquets","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70153-0","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumors of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: A population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Prado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5663-0","article-title":"Muscle mass estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer patients: Comparison between psoas muscle area on computer tomography and pectoralis muscle area on MRI","volume":"29","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3902-6","article-title":"Impact of body composition on outcome in patients with early breast cancer","volume":"26","author":"Deluche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X.M., Dou, Q.L., Zeng, Y., Yang, Y., Cheng, A.S.K., and Zhang, W.W. (2020). Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality in women with breast cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic re-view. BMC Cancer, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-6645-6"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tschann, P., Weigl, M.P., Clemens, P., Szeverinski, P., Attenberger, C., Kowatsch, M., J\u00e4ger, T., Emmanuel, K., Brock, T., and K\u00f6nigsrainer, I. (2023). Sarcopenic Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Worse Oncological Long-Term Outcome in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112632"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cintoni, M., Grassi, F., Palombaro, M., Rinninella, E., Pulcini, G., Di Donato, A., Salvatore, L., Quero, G., Tortora, G., and Alfieri, S. (2023). Nutritional Interventions during Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030727"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aprile, G., Basile, D., Giaretta, R., Schiavo, G., La Verde, N., Corradi, E., Monge, T., Agustoni, F., and Stragliotto, S. (2021). The Clinical Value of Nutritional Care before and during Active Cancer Treatment. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041196"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jodkiewicz, M., Jagie\u0142\u0142o-Gruszfeld, A., Surwi\u0142\u0142o-Snarska, A., Kotowicz, B., Fuksiewicz, M., and Kowalska, M.M. (2022). The Impact of Dietary Counselling on Achieving or Maintaining Normal Nutritional Status in Patients with Early and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Undergoing Perioperative Chemotherapy. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122541"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grupi\u0144ska, J., Budzy\u0144, M., Ma\u0107kowiak, K., Brzezi\u0144ski, J.J., Kycler, W., Leporowska, E., Gryszczy\u0144ska, B., Kasprzak, M.P., Iskra, M., and Formanowicz, D. (2021). Beneficial Effects of Oral Nutritional Supplements on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Women with Breast Cancer Undergoing Postoperative Chemotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103549"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.02.015","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: Recommendations from the EUSOMA working group","volume":"46","author":"Sardanelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3807-z","article-title":"European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI), Breast MRI: EUSOBI recommendations for women\u2019s information","volume":"25","author":"Mann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1590-x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in predicting infiltrating residual disease after preoperative chemotherapy in stage II\u2013III breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Guarneri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.2319","article-title":"Association of Systemic Inflammation and Sarcopenia with Survival in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results from the C SCANS Study","volume":"3","author":"Feliciano","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-017-0266-9","article-title":"A study on relationship between elderly sarcopenia and inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"22","author":"Bian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J., Gil, J.R., Shin, Y., Won, S.E., Huh, J., You, M.-W., Park, H.J., Sung, Y.S., and Kim, K.W. (2019). Reliable and robust method for abdominal muscle mass quantification using CT\/MRI: An explorative study in healthy subjects. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222042"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-012-0234-x","article-title":"Prevalence and prognostic effect of sarcopenia in breast cancer survivors: The HEAL Study","volume":"6","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cancer Surviv."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12165","article-title":"Muscle strength in breast cancer patients receiving different treatment regimes","volume":"8","author":"Klassen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.0137","article-title":"Association of Muscle and Adiposity Measured by Computed Tomography with Survival in Patients with Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Caan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2021200134","article-title":"Breast MRI for Evaluation of Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy","volume":"41","author":"Reig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06799-5","article-title":"Muscle mass loss after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: Estimation on breast magnetic resonance imaging using pectoralis muscle area","volume":"30","author":"Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"49","article-title":"Muscle mass loss in breast cancer patients of reproductive age (\u226445 years) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"128","author":"Rossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiol. Medica"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2009.02.001","article-title":"Powerful signals for weak muscles","volume":"8","author":"Saini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-025-06011-0","article-title":"Body composition changes in pediatric patients with lymphoma after chemotherapy: A retrospective study","volume":"184","author":"FaracheTostes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.03.010","article-title":"Body adipose tissue depots and treatment outcomes for women with breast cancer: A systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Poltronieri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/10\/1698\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:34:05Z","timestamp":1760031245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/10\/1698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17101698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17101698","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]}}}