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Microecologics and exercise can influence the composition and function of GM, thereby exerting positive effects on the CNS. Combined interventions of exercise and microecologics are expected to more comprehensively and effectively address CNS diseases through the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis (MGBA), potentially outperforming single interventions. However, there is currently a lack of relevant reviews on this topic. In this review, we examine the associations between changes in the microbiota and CNS diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We also summarize studies on various types of microecologics (such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics) and exercise in improving CNS disease symptoms. Although current individual studies on microecologics and exercise have achieved certain results, the mechanisms underlying their synergistic effects remain unclear. This review aims to explore the theoretical basis, potential mechanisms, and clinical application prospects of combined interventions of microecologics and exercise in improving CNS diseases through the MGBA, providing a scientific basis for the development of more comprehensive and effective therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:58:09Z","timestamp":1747994289000},"page":"1769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Microecologics and Exercise: Targeting the Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis for Central Nervous System Disease Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhixing","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keer","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9602-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Heng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Human Sports Performance Science, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Human Sports Performance Science, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.10.027","article-title":"Engineered bacterial extracellular vesicles for central nervous system diseases","volume":"364","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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