{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T15:42:43Z","timestamp":1766504563009,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANPCyT\u2013FONCyT","award":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)","award":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007173","name":"Project of the Bio oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007173","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Racing Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT2021-159","PICT2019-3382","PICT-2016-424 0410","PICT 2021-I-A-00705","23H00354","23K18072","JPJ007097","JP21zf0127001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Enterococcus faecalis causes serious opportunistic infections in patients with weakened immune defenses, such as individuals suffering from malnutrition. We investigated the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MPL16 and CRL1506 on the resistance to E. faecalis infection in mice immunosuppressed by protein malnutrition. Methods: Male BALB\/c mice received a protein-deficient diet for 21 days, followed by a 7-day renourishment period with a balanced conventional diet (BCD) with or without lactobacilli supplementation. Malnourished controls (MN) and renourished mice were treated with gentamicin for 3 days and then challenged orally with E. faecalis 102. Infection levels in the gut, liver, spleen, and blood, intestinal tissue damage, and the cytokine response were evaluated 2 days after the challenge. Results: Malnourished mice had an impaired ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IFN-\u03b3, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17, and KC) and the regulatory IL-10 in response to the infection compared to mice in the BCD group. The imbalance of inflammatory and regulatory mediators in MN mice favors colonization and invasion by E. faecalis and increases tissue damage, making the disease more severe than in animals renourished with BCD. Supplementing the BCD with L. plantarum strains significantly enhanced resistance to E. faecalis 102 infections, as evidenced by a marked reduction in bacterial loads and intestinal damage. The effect of lactobacilli was associated with enhanced levels of IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, and IL-10 and reduced TNF, IL-1\u03b2, IL-17, and KC. Conclusions: Given their efficacy in enhancing host resistance, these Lactiplantibacillus strains hold great promise as a preventive strategy against E. faecalis infections in susceptible individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:58:09Z","timestamp":1747994289000},"page":"1770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing Resistance to Enterococcus faecalis: Immunobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains as a Strategy for Malnourished Hosts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Daniela","family":"Vera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio Central de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorena Paola","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio Central de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melisa Florencia","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio Central de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Raya Tonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6242-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramiro","family":"Ortiz Moyano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor Luis","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio Central de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4586-5553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruki","family":"Kitazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"},{"name":"Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0175-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Guadalupe","family":"Vizoso-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Biology Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"},{"name":"Laboratorio Central de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucum\u00e1n, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Villena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-014-4011-6","article-title":"Enterococcus infection biology: Lessons from invertebrate host models","volume":"52","author":"Yuen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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