{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T09:52:16Z","timestamp":1788861136440,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["306570\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306570\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["306570\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306570\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Wheat gluten intolerance increases intestinal permeability, triggering inflammation that may directly affect liver function and compromise metabolic health. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 50) aged 21 days were divided into five groups (n = 10) based on dietary gluten levels over 100 days: G0 (0%), G14 (14%), G42 (42%), G70 (70%), and G70\/0 (70% for the first 70 days, then 0% until euthanasia). At 121 days, the animals were weighed and euthanized, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Adipose tissue deposits and the liver were excised and weighed. Liver lobes were isolated and fixed for morphological and morphometric analysis of hepatocytes, tissue glycogen percentage, and intracellular lipid assessment. Results: The hepatic oxidative status was evaluated. The ingestion of diets with excess gluten (70%) increased final body mass and reduced liver mass, though it did not alter the adiposity index. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity exhibited distinct patterns across all groups. Conclusions: Elevated gluten levels increased oxidative stress and altered tissue hepatic morphology and morphometry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T12:28:42Z","timestamp":1748435322000},"page":"1842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non-Celiac Wheat Gluten Sensitivity Model: Effects on Hepatic Morphophysiology of Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ana Luiza Russo","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Barone Volce da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Caroline","family":"Santa Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghiovani Zanzotti","family":"Raniero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Roberto Giriboni","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Henrique","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-1861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anacharis Babeto de","family":"S\u00e1-Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9518-7589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jurandir Fernando","family":"Comar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto Kenji Nakamura","family":"Cuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Raquel Mar\u00e7al","family":"Natali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balakireva, A.V., and Zamyatnin, A.A. 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