{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:58:43Z","timestamp":1791539923003,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chilean Ministry of Health"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Cow\u2019s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infancy, with prevalence estimates of 0.5\u20137.5% in high-income countries. Data from low- and middle-income regions remain limited, and the predominant immune mechanism (IgE or non-IgE mediated) may vary across populations. Objective. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CMA in infants from an urban, low-income Chilean population. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted at Padre Hurtado Hospital in Santiago, Chile. Healthy term newborns were recruited and followed for up to 12 months. Sociodemographic, perinatal data and parental atopy were recorded. Parents were contacted monthly to screen for CMA symptoms. Infants with \u2265two symptoms underwent clinical evaluation, a 4-week cow\u2019s milk protein exclusion diet, and an open oral food challenge (OFC). Diagnosis followed international consensus guidelines. Results. Of 552 enrolled infants (48% male), 27 were diagnosed with CMA, yielding a prevalence of 4.9% (95% CI 3.1\u20137.0%). All cases exhibited non-IgE-mediated symptoms, including vomiting, dermatitis, colic, and perianal erythema. CMA was diagnosed before 6 months of age in 74% of cases. At 12 months, 40% had developed oral tolerance. Sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics were similar between groups, but some self-reported parental atopic traits were more frequent in CMA cases. Conclusions. CMA prevalence in this Chilean cohort was comparable to that reported in high-income countries, with a predominance of non-IgE-mediated forms. These findings support the need for standardized diagnostic protocols, including OFC, in diverse populations. Future studies should explore long-term outcomes and risk factors in non-IgE-mediated CMA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T09:47:34Z","timestamp":1748512054000},"page":"1859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of Cow\u2019s Milk Allergy in Infants from an Urban, Low-Income Population in Chile: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Cruchet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Arancibia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Maturana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago 8880465, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalda","family":"Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Roberto del R\u00edo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003897","article-title":"An ESPGHAN Position Paper on the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Cow\u2019s Milk Allergy","volume":"78","author":"Vandenplas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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