{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T03:50:09Z","timestamp":1771559409005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["NSTC 111-2622-B-020-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 111-2622-B-020-003"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["TTCRD 114-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTCRD 114-21"]}]},{"name":"Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["NSTC 111-2622-B-020-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 111-2622-B-020-003"]}]},{"name":"Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["TTCRD 114-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTCRD 114-21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Excessive drinking or even alcoholism poses noticeable health risks to society, and investigating ways to improve alcohol metabolism may be a potential strategy to address this public health issue. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of freshwater clam aqueous extract (CE) in promoting alcohol metabolism and to further elucidate its potential mechanism. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) control group (C); (2) vehicle group (V), which was given a single dose of 2 g\/kg bw ethanol; (3) low-dose CE group (CEL), which was given ethanol and 128 mg\/kg bw CE; and (4) high-dose CE group (CEH), which was given ethanol and 256 mg\/kg bw CE. Blood was drawn from the tails of the rats at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after alcohol administration, and serum samples were collected. The results showed that compared with the V group, oral administration of CE reduced the ethanol concentration in the serum of the rats, with the area under the serum ethanol curve (AUC) of the CEH group decreased by 32.6%, exhibiting a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the high-dose CE (CEH) treatment significantly increased the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of the rats by 41.5%, 42.4%, 40.6%, and 34.6%, respectively, compared with those in group V (p &lt; 0.05). The Western blot results indicated that CE reduced the expression of ethanol-induced inflammation-related proteins COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-\u03b1 in the liver by 66.4%, 90.6%, and 41.4%, respectively. In conclusion, it can be inferred that CE can help reduce the ethanol concentration in the serum of rats fed with alcohol, and its possible mechanism is to promote the metabolism of ethanol by increasing the activities of ADH and ALDH and the antioxidant capacity in the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T06:21:51Z","timestamp":1748931711000},"page":"1915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aqueous Extract of Freshwater Clam Increases Alcohol Metabolism in Rats in a Preclinical Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0332-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Ying","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427003, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I-Chen","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Yi","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Meng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Chan","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Ting","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427003, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5714-8570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sen-Wei","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427003, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Acute Care Center, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427003, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8031-8312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Kuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-009-0113-7","article-title":"Associations between headache and stress, alcohol drinking, exercise, sleep, and comorbid health conditions in a Japanese population","volume":"10","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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