{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:02:15Z","timestamp":1789398135179,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023GJJL-ZXX0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GJJL-ZXX0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CYS240109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS240109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration Major Theme Special Project","award":["32271087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271087"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration Major Theme Special Project","award":["2023GJJL-ZXX0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GJJL-ZXX0001"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration Major Theme Special Project","award":["CYS240109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS240109"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012459","name":"Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32271087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32271087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012459","name":"Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023GJJL-ZXX0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GJJL-ZXX0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012459","name":"Chongqing Graduate Student Research Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CYS240109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYS240109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Stress adversely affects health behaviors, particularly problematic eating. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain underexplored. This study seeks to examine the mediating role of irrational health beliefs and the moderating role of negative coping styles in the associations of perceived stress with three types of problematic eating\u2014restrained, emotional, and external eating. Methods: A total of 929 emerging adults (57.8% females; mean age = 21.50 \u00b1 2.36 years, age range = 17\u201335 years) participated in an online survey to provide their self-reported data. Results: Perceived stress was positively associated with restrained, emotional, and external eating. Irrational health beliefs partially mediated these associations, with indirect effects of 0.24, 0.40, and 0.07, respectively. Negative coping styles only moderated the associations of perceived stress with restrained eating (\u03b2 = 0.05, p = 0.047) and emotional eating (\u03b2 = 0.08, p = 0.001), but not external eating (\u03b2 = 0.01, p = 0.859). Conclusions: Our findings suggest the effect of cognitive factors such as irrational health beliefs and negative coping styles on stress-induced eating. Interventions aimed at cognitively restructuring irrational health beliefs and raising attention on health, as well as promoting adaptive stress-coping strategies that alleviate emotional distress without compromising other aspects of health, are therefore essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T10:10:16Z","timestamp":1749031816000},"page":"1928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Perceived Stress on Problematic Eating: Three Parallel Moderated Mediation Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6347-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120000166","article-title":"Emotional eating and obesity in adults: The role of depression, sleep and genes","volume":"79","author":"Konttinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00797-w","article-title":"Emotional and external eating styles associated with obesity","volume":"11","author":"Benbaibeche","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22270","article-title":"Development and predictive effects of eating disorder risk factors during adolescence: Implications for prevention efforts","volume":"48","author":"Rohde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernab\u00e9u-Brot\u00f3ns, E., and Marchena-Gir\u00e1ldez, C. (2022). Emotional eating and perfectionism as predictors of symptoms of binge eating disorder: The role of perfectionism as a mediator between emotional eating and body mass index. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163361"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105315580212","article-title":"The relation of anxiety, depression, and stress to binge eating behavior","volume":"20","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-021-00444-2","article-title":"Anxiety, stress, and binge eating tendencies in adolescence: A prospective approach","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.11.109","article-title":"Stress and eating behaviors in children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2021.1923406","article-title":"Stress and eating behaviours in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-022-00224-0","article-title":"Perceived stress as a predictor of eating behavior during the 3-year PREVIEW lifestyle intervention","volume":"12","author":"Jalo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.12.027","article-title":"Understanding problematic eating in out-of-home care: The role of attachment and emotion regulation","volume":"135","author":"Norrish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czepczor-Bernat, K., and Brytek-Matera, A. (2019). Children\u2019s and mothers\u2019 perspectives of problematic eating behaviours in young children and adolescents: An exploratory study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152692"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpnec.2021.100067","article-title":"Cortisol in relation to problematic eating behaviours, adiposity and symptom profiles in Major Depressive Disorder","volume":"7","author":"Mills","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. Psychoneuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.07.069","article-title":"Problematic eating behaviours, changes in appetite, and weight gain in Major Depressive Disorder: The role of leptin","volume":"240","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198602)5:2<295::AID-EAT2260050209>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) for assessment of restrained, emotional, and external eating behavior","volume":"5","author":"Frijters","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1697-2600(13)70005-X","article-title":"Problematic eating behaviors and nutritional status in 7 to 12 year-old Chilean children","volume":"13","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalkowska, J., Hamulka, J., Wadolowska, L., G\u00f3rnicka, M., Czarniecka-Skubina, E., and Gutkowska, K. (2024). Restrained eating and disinhibited eating: Association with diet quality and body weight status among adolescents. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213601"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-014-0118-3","article-title":"To eat or not to eat; is that really the question? An evaluation of problematic eating behaviors and mental health among bariatric surgery candidates","volume":"19","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord.-Stud. Anorex."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00943-2","article-title":"The relationship between childhood maltreatment and problematic eating behaviors in bariatric surgery candidates","volume":"26","author":"Akduman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord.-Stud. Anorex."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2007.06.006","article-title":"Perceived stress and eating behaviors in a community-based sample of African Americans","volume":"9","author":"Sims","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.11.028","article-title":"What is eating you? Stress and the drive to eat","volume":"58","author":"Groesz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-015-0110-4","article-title":"Perceived stress, unhealthy eating behaviors, and severe obesity in low-income women","volume":"14","author":"Richardson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuluhong, M., and Han, P. (2023). Chronic stress is associated with reward and emotion-related eating behaviors in college students. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1025953"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s43076-022-00142-1","article-title":"The mediator role of emotion-focused coping on the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating","volume":"31","author":"Yilmazturk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Psychol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2010.521906","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables in predicting behavior","volume":"25","author":"Carpenter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2307\/3348967","article-title":"Why people use health services","volume":"44","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1966","journal-title":"Milbank Mem. Fund Q."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1177\/109019817400200403","article-title":"Historical origins of the health belief model","volume":"2","author":"Rosenstock","year":"1974","journal-title":"Health Educ. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.18.2.169","article-title":"Assessment of irrational health beliefs: Relation to health practices and medical regimen adherence","volume":"18","author":"Christensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_650_19","article-title":"Relationship between hypertension with irrational health beliefs and health locus of control","volume":"9","author":"Afsahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"169","article-title":"The role of irrational health beliefs, health locus of control and health-oriented lifestyle in predicting the risk of diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Fathabadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Payesh"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000017","article-title":"Irrational health beliefs predict adherence to cardiac rehabilitation: A pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20769","article-title":"Irrational health beliefs and health anxiety","volume":"67","author":"Fulton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Rabalais, T.L. (2015). Understanding the Relationship of Stress, Irrational Health Beliefs, and Health Behaviors Among Adults 18\u201345 Years of Age. [Ph.D. Thesis, Walden University]."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"121","article-title":"The impact of general and specific rational and irrational beliefs on exam distress; A further investigation of the binary model of distress as an emotional regulation model","volume":"11","author":"Dilorenzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Evid-Based Psychother."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy, Birch Lane Press."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Beck, A.T. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01183137","article-title":"A sadly neglected cognitive element in depression","volume":"11","author":"Ellis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2007.02.001","article-title":"The Irrational Food Beliefs Scale: Development and validation","volume":"9","author":"Osberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2011.09.008","article-title":"Direct and indirect effects of stress on bulimic symptoms and BMI: The mediating role of irrational food beliefs","volume":"13","author":"Osberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Lazarus, R., and Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping, Springer."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"114","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire","volume":"6","author":"Xie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2006.10.005","article-title":"Relations between negative affect, coping, and emotional eating","volume":"48","author":"Spoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.015","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity attenuates bi-directional associations between negative affect and avoidant coping: A daily diary study","volume":"259","author":"Weiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-05-2021-0269","article-title":"Coping strategies initiated by COVID-19-related stress, individuals\u2019 motives for social media use, and perceived stress reduction","volume":"33","author":"Bae","year":"2023","journal-title":"Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11696","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934666100","article-title":"Chronic stress and obesity: A new view of \u201ccomfort food\u201d","volume":"100","author":"Dallman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.04.005","article-title":"Comfort food is comforting to those most stressed: Evidence of the chronic stress response network in high stress women","volume":"36","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Did that brownie do its job? Stress, eating, and the biobehavioral effects of comfort food","volume":"1","author":"Tomiyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Trends Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.02.015","article-title":"Self-medication with sucrose","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0396-7","article-title":"Avoidant coping moderates the relationship between stress and depressive emotional eating in adolescents","volume":"22","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord.-Stud. Anorex."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-023-10193-y","article-title":"Emotional eating in college students: Associations with coping and healthy eating motivators and barriers","volume":"31","author":"Dalton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Chen, J., Boyd, J.E., Zhang, H., Jia, X., Qiu, J., and Xiao, Z. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale in policewomen. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028610"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2012.08.004","article-title":"Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, W., Bian, Q., Wang, W., Wu, X., Wang, Z., and Zhao, M. (2017). Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10: A psychometric study in Chinese university students. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189543"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"343","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Perceived Stress Scale short form (PSS10) for Chinese college students","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Explor."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2023.07.008","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 integrating exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"84","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psych."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Kong, F. (2012). The Neural Mechanisms in Attentional Bias on Food Cues for Restraint Eaters. [Ph.D. Thesis, Southwest University]."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"277","article-title":"The applicability of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in Chinese college students","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Hayes, A.F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., and Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis, Pearson. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1060.0597","article-title":"Common method variance in IS research: A comparison of alternative approaches and a reanalysis of past research","volume":"52","author":"Malhotra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.09.008","article-title":"Pathways of the relationships among eating behavior, stress, and coping in adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study","volume":"131","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-018-00637-w","article-title":"Association of anthropometric status, perceived stress, and personality traits with eating behavior in university students","volume":"24","author":"Ohara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eat. Weight Disord.-Stud. Anorex."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Wang, Z., Guo, B., Arcelus, J., Zhang, H., Jia, X., Xu, Y., Qiu, J., Xiao, Z., and Yang, M. (2012). Negative affect mediates effects of psychological stress on disordered eating in young Chinese women. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046878"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105215","article-title":"Relationships among perceived stress, emotional eating, and dietary intake in college students: Eating self-regulation as a mediator","volume":"163","author":"Ling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/17579759231195561","article-title":"The relationship between health-related knowledge and attitudes and health risk behaviours among Portuguese university students","volume":"31","author":"Alves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02883424","article-title":"Health beliefs, personality, and adherence in hemodialysis patients: An interactional perspective","volume":"19","author":"Wiebe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1027\/2512-8442\/a000075","article-title":"The Irrational Health Beliefs Scale and health behaviors in a non-clinical population","volume":"28","author":"Pitel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2018.03.002","article-title":"Stress has a direct and indirect effect on eating pathology in infertile women: Avoidant coping style as a mediator","volume":"5","author":"Rodino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Soc. Online."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2011.04.006","article-title":"Effects of stress and coping on binge eating in female college students","volume":"12","author":"Sulkowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eat. Behav."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440008407364","article-title":"Relationships between psychological stress, coping and disordered eating: A review","volume":"14","author":"Ball","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.07.017","article-title":"Comfort eating, psychological stress, and depressive symptoms in young adult women","volume":"95","author":"Finch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e328357bd4e","article-title":"The psychobiology of comfort eating: Implications for neuropharmacological interventions","volume":"23","author":"Gibson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, T., Wang, J., Xu, S., Yu, J., and Sun, G. (2022). Media internalized pressure and restrained eating behavior in college students: The multiple mediating effects of body esteem and social physique anxiety. Front. Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.887124"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Musharaf, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of emotional eating among healthy young Saudi women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102923"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1126\/science.161.3843.751","article-title":"Obesity and eating. Internal and external cues differentially affect the eating behavior of obese and normal subjects","volume":"161","author":"Schachter","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651936","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/651936","article-title":"Mindfulness intervention for stress eating to reduce cortisol and abdominal fat among overweight and obese women: An exploratory randomized controlled study","volume":"2011","author":"Daubenmier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.1310070217","article-title":"Use of cortisol as a stress marker: Practical and theoretical problems","volume":"7","author":"Pollard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.10.026","article-title":"Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research","volume":"34","author":"Hellhammer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.09.009","article-title":"Hair cortisol as a biological marker of chronic stress: Current status, future directions and unanswered questions","volume":"37","author":"Russell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/11\/1928\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:46:35Z","timestamp":1760031995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/11\/1928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17111928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17111928","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}}}