{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:35:33Z","timestamp":1791923733430,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Government","award":["RS-2022-NR069774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NR069774"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Obesity-related metabolic complications contribute to musculoskeletal disorders and are often associated with muscular fat accumulation. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a therapeutic target that can mitigate these effects. Methods: An in vivo study was conducted to understand the effects of Gryllus bimaculatus (GB), a potent AMPK activator, on metabolic and muscular homeostasis in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Six-week-old male C57BL\/6J mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks to induce DIO. Subsequently, HFD-fed mice were divided into four groups: HFD only, HFD with 100 mg\/kg\/day GB, HFD with 200 mg\/kg\/day GB, and HFD with 400 mg\/kg\/day GB for 16 weeks. To assess the effects of GB, we evaluated insulin resistance, muscle strength, muscular fat accumulation, and AMPK activation using an oral glucose tolerance test, grip strength test, histological assessments, serum lipid analyses, western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction. Results: The low- and mid-dose GB groups showed a trend toward improved insulin resistance. GB significantly reduced muscle fat accumulation and increased muscle strength. The mid- and high-dose GB groups showed a significantly upregulated expression of the molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in muscle tissues. Additionally, the high-dose GB group activated AMPK and inhibited the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the skeletal muscle. Conclusions: The results suggest that GB may serve as a nutraceutical candidate for the management of obesity-associated metabolic complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17121990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T11:47:07Z","timestamp":1749728827000},"page":"1990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gryllus bimaculatus Hydrolysate Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Activating Skeletal Muscle AMPK in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6240-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungeun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9217-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunyoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China"},{"name":"Department of Culinary Science, Ministry of Culture & Tourism, Yangzhou 225127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5282-531X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Heun","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonhwa","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-023-00527-y","article-title":"Update on the obesity epidemic: After the sudden rise, is the upward trajectory beginning to flatten?","volume":"12","author":"Koliaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p523","article-title":"Global cost of overweight and obesity will hit $4.32 tn a year by 2035, report warns","volume":"380","author":"Mahase","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"15","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1585","article-title":"Role of body fat distribution and the metabolic complications of obesity","volume":"93","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00845-0","article-title":"Lipid droplet biogenesis and functions in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Zadoorian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.07.031","article-title":"Adipokine dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome","volume":"314","author":"Maury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trouwborst, I., Bowser, S.M., Goossens, G.H., and Blaak, E.E. (2018). Ectopic fat accumulation in distinct insulin resistant phenotypes; targets for personalized nutritional interventions. Front. Nutr., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00077"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.028","article-title":"Berberine attenuates the abnormal ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle","volume":"159","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0049-6","article-title":"Raspberry alleviates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) \u03b11","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"4260","article-title":"Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp","volume":"16","author":"Jang","year":"2024","journal-title":"lactis CKDB001 ameliorates metabolic complications in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154366","article-title":"Hernandezine, a natural herbal alkaloid, ameliorates type 2 diabetes by activating AMPK in two mouse models","volume":"105","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.95","article-title":"AMPK: Guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Herzig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01839-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction: Mechanisms and advances in therapy","volume":"9","author":"Zong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700442R","article-title":"AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism","volume":"32","author":"Hingst","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0454-z","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream transcriptional pathways","volume":"67","author":"Auwerx","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123225","article-title":"Exercise, exerkines and exercise mimetic drugs: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutics","volume":"359","author":"Samant","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e224","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2016.16","article-title":"AMPK activators: Mechanisms of action and physiological activities","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.2741\/3460","article-title":"Targeting the AMPK pathway for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Viollet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Entezari, M., Hashemi, D., Taheriazam, A., Zabolian, A., Mohammadi, S., Fakhri, F., Hashemi, M., Hushmandi, K., Ashrafizadeh, M., and Zarrabi, A. (2022). AMPK signaling in diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and diabetic complications: A pre-clinical and clinical investigation. Biomed. Pharmacother., 146.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112563"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyu, Q., Wen, Y., He, B., Zhang, X., Chen, J., Sun, Y., Zhao, Y., Xu, L., Xiao, Q., and Deng, H. (2022). The ameliorating effects of metformin on disarrangement ongoing in gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic and obese sarcopenic mice. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 1868.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166508"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12833","article-title":"Metformin induces muscle atrophy by transcriptional regulation of myostatin via HDAC6 and FoxO3a","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1464-x","article-title":"Neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase hyper-activation induces synaptic loss by an autophagy-mediated process","volume":"10","author":"Domise","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.06.002","article-title":"Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by natural and synthetic activators","volume":"6","author":"Hardie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.017","article-title":"Resveratrol ameliorates aging-related metabolic phenotypes by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases","volume":"148","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"218","article-title":"Property distributions: Differences between drugs, natural products, and molecules from combinatorial chemistry","volume":"43","author":"Feher","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higashida, K., Kim, S.H., Jung, S.R., Asaka, M., Holloszy, J.O., and Han, D.H. (2013). Effects of resveratrol and SIRT1 on PGC-1\u03b1 activity and mitochondrial biogenesis: A reevaluation. PLoS Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001603"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0218-y","article-title":"Herbal medicine for sports: A review","volume":"15","author":"Sellami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mongio\u00ec, L.M., La Vignera, S., Cannarella, R., Cimino, L., Compagnone, M., Condorelli, R.A., and Calogero, A.E. (2021). The role of resveratrol administration in human obesity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094362"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2022.04.002","article-title":"Edible insects, a valuable protein source from ancient to modern times","volume":"101","author":"Liceaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s13165-020-00290-7","article-title":"Prospects of insects as food and feed","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Org. Agr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00322-9","article-title":"A meta-analysis of projected global food demand and population at risk of hunger for the period 2010\u20132050","volume":"2","author":"Morley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-021-01184-6","article-title":"The future of farming: Who will produce our food?","volume":"13","author":"Giller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Secur."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfutfo.2021.10.001","article-title":"Edible insects as future food: Chances and challenges","volume":"1","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Future Foods"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.03.040","article-title":"Edible insects: An overview on nutritional characteristics, safety, farming, production technologies, regulatory framework, and socio-economic and ethical implications","volume":"100","author":"Baiano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3920\/JIFF2019.0052","article-title":"Edible insects: Cricket farming and processing as an emerging market","volume":"6","author":"Reverberi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Insects Food Feed"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiello, D., Barbera, M., Bongiorno, D., Cammarata, M., Censi, V., Indelicato, S., Mazzotti, F., Napoli, A., Piazzese, D., and Saiano, F. (2023). Edible insects an alternative nutritional source of bioactive compounds: A review. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020699"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.167","article-title":"Edible insects: A novel nutritious, functional, and safe food alternative","volume":"3","author":"Giampieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s43393-022-00089-5","article-title":"Potential of edible insects as source of functional foods: Biotechnological approaches for improving functionality","volume":"2","author":"Devi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst. Microbiol. Biomanuf."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang, B.B., Chang, M.H., Lee, J.H., Heo, W., Kim, J.K., Pan, J.H., Kim, Y.J., and Kim, J.H. (2019). The edible insect Gryllus bimaculatus protects against gut-derived inflammatory responses and liver damage in mice after acute alcohol exposure. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040857"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam, H.K., Kang, T.W., Kim, I.W., Choi, R.Y., Kim, H.W., and Park, H.J. (2023). Physicochemical properties of cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) gel fraction with soy protein isolate for 3D printing-based meat analogue. Food Biosci., 53.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.102772"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2023.115171","article-title":"Unraveling the physicochemical attributes of three cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus)-enriched biscuit products and implications on consumers\u2019 preference and willingness to pay","volume":"185","author":"Arama","year":"2023","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murugu, D.K., Onyango, A.N., Ndiritu, A.K., Osuga, I.M., Xavier, C., Nakimbugwe, D., and Tanga, C.M. (2021). From farm to fork: Crickets as alternative source of protein, minerals, and vitamins. Front. Nutr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.704002"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-022-01117-9","article-title":"Gryllus bimaculatus extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis through AMPK activation","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3257","article-title":"Gryllus bimaculatus-containing diets protect against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy, but not high-fat diet-induced obesity","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, K., Park, E.Y., Baek, D.J., Jang, S.E., and Oh, Y.S. (2021). Gryllus bimaculatus extract protects against lipopolysaccharide-derived inflammatory response in human colon epithelial Caco-2 cells. Insects, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12100873"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115117","article-title":"Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer hydrolysates alleviate lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in palmitic acid-treated human hepatoma G2 cells","volume":"291","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11845","article-title":"Gryllus bimaculatus extract protects against lipopolysaccharide and palmitate-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammasome formation","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1323","article-title":"Glucose-lowering effect of Gryllus bimaculatus powder on streptozotocin-induced diabetes through the AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, K., Jung, S., Ha, J.H., and Jeong, Y. (2025). Protaetia brevitarsis hydrolysate mitigates muscle dysfunction and ectopic fat deposition triggered by a high-fat diet in mice. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020213"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2024.29.2.125","article-title":"Rose Petal Extract Ameliorates Obesity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice","volume":"29","author":"Jung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5717\/jenb.2014.18.3.259","article-title":"NAMPT Regulates Mitochondria Biogenesis via NAD Metabolism and Calcium Binding Proteins during Skeletal Muscle Contraction","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Nutrition Biochem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S., Lee, J.J., Lee, J., Lee, J.K., Byun, J., Kim, I., and Ha, J.H. (2022). Lowering n-6\/n-3 Ratio as an Important Dietary Intervention to Prevent LPS-Inducible Dyslipidemia and Hepatic Abnormalities in ob\/ob Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126384"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son, H.K., Xiang, H., Park, S., Lee, J., Lee, J.J., Jung, S., and Ha, J.H. (2021). Partial Replacement of Dietary Fat with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010986"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5","article-title":"A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipides from Animal Tissues","volume":"226","author":"Folch","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2022.K.0019","article-title":"Partial Replacement of High-Fat Diet with Beef Tallow Attenuates Dyslipidemia and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in db\/db Mice","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wobbrock, J.O., Findlater, L., Gergle, D., and Higgins, J.J. (2011, January 7\u201312). The Aligned Rank Transform for Nonparametric Factorial Analyses Using Only ANOVA Procedures. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1978963"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.05.009","article-title":"Role of Intramyocellular Lipids in Human Health","volume":"23","author":"Coen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2016.81","article-title":"Regulation and Function of AMPK in Physiology and Diseases","volume":"48","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2019.07.014","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Atrogenes: From Rodent Models to Human Pathologies","volume":"166","author":"Taillandier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2017.08.014","article-title":"Unlocking the Biological Potential of Proteins from Edible Insects through Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Review","volume":"43","author":"Nongonierma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbarian, M., Khani, A., Eghbalpour, S., and Uversky, V.N. (2022). Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031445"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422414000225","article-title":"Are intact peptides absorbed from the healthy gut in the adult human?","volume":"27","author":"Stevens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-020-03495-y","article-title":"Evaluation of ACE, \u03b1-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities of peptides obtained by in vitro digestion of selected species of edible insects","volume":"246","author":"Baraniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fashakin, O.O., Tangjaidee, P., Unban, K., Klangpetch, W., Khumsap, T., Sringarm, K., Rawdkuen, S., and Phongthai, S. (2023). Isolation and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) Protein Fractions. Insects, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14080674"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.06.010","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity: A critical appraisal of the current evidence","volume":"31","author":"Prado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00080.2007","article-title":"Role of myokines in exercise and metabolism","volume":"103","author":"Pedersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6572342","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6572342","article-title":"The effect of irisin as a metabolic regulator and its therapeutic potential for obesity","volume":"2021","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-022-01878-2","article-title":"PGC-1\u03b1 affects skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"297","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genomics"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu Shelbayeh, O., Arroum, T., Morris, S., and Busch, K.B. (2023). PGC-1\u03b1 Is a Master Regulator of Mitochondrial Lifecycle and ROS Stress Response. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051075"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.051","article-title":"AMPK and PPAR\u03b4 Agonists Are Exercise Mimetics","volume":"134","author":"Narkar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.013","article-title":"Resveratrol Improves Mitochondrial Function and Protects Against Metabolic Disease by Activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha","volume":"127","author":"Lagouge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15983","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252625599","article-title":"AMP kinase is required for mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle in response to chronic energy deprivation","volume":"99","author":"Zong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julien, S.G., Kim, S.Y., Brunmeir, R., Sinnakannu, J.R., Ge, X., Li, H., Ma, W., Yaligar, J., Kn, B.P., and Velan, S.S. (2017). Narciclasine attenuates diet-induced obesity by promoting oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle. PLoS Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002597"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24045","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activity in Edible Insects: A Review","volume":"10","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikawa, T., Ulla, A., and Sakakibara, I. (2021). Polyphenols and Their Effects on Muscle Atrophy and Muscle Health. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164887"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0598-z","article-title":"Beneficial Effects of L-Arginine on Reducing Obesity: Potential Mechanisms and Important Implications for Human Health","volume":"39","author":"McKnight","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, W., Wang, H., Wang, B., Mao, X., and Du, M. (2021). Resveratrol Improves Muscle Regeneration in Obese Mice Through Enhancing Mitochondrial Biogenesis. J. Nutr. Biochem., 98.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2021.108804"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganguly, K., Dutta, S.D., Jeong, M.S., Patel, D.K., Cho, S.J., and Lim, K.T. (2021). Naturally-derived protein extract from Gryllus bimaculatus improves antioxidant properties and promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249291"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/12\/1990\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:51:00Z","timestamp":1760032260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/12\/1990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17121990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17121990","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]}}}