{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:43:32Z","timestamp":1787579012043,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The role of dietary patterns in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly under varying levels of ambient air pollution, remains insufficiently understood. Aims: We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to multiple established dietary patterns and the risk of incident COPD, and to assess potential effect modification by exposure to ambient air pollutants. Methods: We conducted a prospective study including 206,463 participants from the UK Biobank free of COPD at baseline. Individual-level residential air pollution exposure was estimated for the year 2010. Nine dietary indices were derived from 24 h dietary recalls. Associations with incident COPD were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Effect modification was examined using smoking-specific tertiles of nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, and NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5\u201310, and PM10). Results: Greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns was associated with a 14% to 34% reduced risk of COPD (highest vs. lowest quintile). In contrast, high adherence to the Unhealthful plant-based diet index (PDI) was associated with a 34% increased risk (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.16\u20131.54). Notably, the protective associations of the AHA, EAT-Lancet, and MIND dietary patterns were most pronounced in settings with relatively high air pollution, as evidenced by elevated levels in at least four air quality indicators (p for interaction &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Adherence to AHA, EAT-Lancet, and MIND dietary patterns is associated with a reduced risk of incident COPD, with potentially amplified benefits observed in areas with higher ambient air pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17122029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:38:15Z","timestamp":1750232295000},"page":"2029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dietary Habits, Residential Air Pollution, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"},{"name":"Institute for Applied Research in Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia-Lin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"},{"name":"Institute for Applied Research in Public Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00367-2","article-title":"Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"403","author":"Naghavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300239","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023","article-title":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary","volume":"61","author":"Agusti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. 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