{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:03:13Z","timestamp":1791892993487,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infertility is a growing global phenomenon affecting millions of individuals and is characterized by multifactorial causes, including both lifestyle and environmental factors. These include smoking, chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, stress, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, drug use, improper eating habits and physical inactivity. The potential to modify these behaviors has gained increasing interest due to its impact on reproductive health and its role in mitigating infertility. Preconception counseling has also emerged as a fundamental strategy, providing education and risk assessments to improve pregnancy outcomes. Among lifestyle factors, nutrition, body composition and physical activity significantly influence female fertility, emphasizing the strong connection between metabolism and reproductive function. Supplementation with anti-inflammatory nutrients, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), a key component of the Mediterranean diet, may offer benefits for female fertility, partially through the modulation of gene expression in reproductive tissues. However, the specific mechanisms linking diet and fertility remain unclear. The primary objective of this review is to explore how the modification of selected lifestyle factors, with particular reference to dietary habits, may positively influence the female reproductive system and improve fertility and pregnancy-related outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17132101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T03:53:02Z","timestamp":1750823582000},"page":"2101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Role of Lifestyle Intervention in Female Fertility: A Modifiable Factor for Preconception Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1624-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Donato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisena","family":"Morizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa Maria","family":"Fratini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Pilenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Fetal Care and High-Risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9999-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Gatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5248-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fani","family":"Konstantinidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of 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