{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:42:20Z","timestamp":1780368140972,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to establish the potential osteotropic effect of pine pollen on bone metabolism in male rats during the development of osteopenia induced by orchidectomy (ORX). We also established the effect of gonadectomy and pine pollen on the characteristics of calf muscles. Methods: This study was conducted using 40 male Wistar rats divided into one sham-operated (SHO) and four ORX groups. The SHO rats and one ORX group (negative control) were treated with physiological saline (PhS). The remaining ORX groups received exclusively testosterone (positive control) and two doses of pine pollen (50 and 150 mg\/kg b.w.), respectively. The rats were killed 60 days later and their right tibia and left pelvic limbs were isolated. The tibia was analyzed using densitometry, computed tomography, and a bending machine to determine densitometry, structure, and mechanical properties, respectively. The left pelvic limb allowed for measurements of area, density, and fat tissue in the calf muscle. Results: The dose of 150 mg\/kg b.w. inhibited the development of atrophic changes, both in the cortical and trabecular bone tissue. The dose of 50 mg\/kg b.w. also has a protective effect on bones but is less pronounced and concerns only the trabecular bone tissue. The higher dose of pine pollen inhibited the catabolism of the calf muscles by maintaining the density and surface area as in the SHO group. It also limited the accumulation of intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions: It is worth emphasizing the osteoprotective effectiveness of pine pollen, especially when administered in larger doses, which demonstrates the possibility of its use in the prevention of the development of osteoporosis in males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17132110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T03:39:59Z","timestamp":1750909199000},"page":"2110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Osteoprotective Effect of Pine Pollen in Orchidectomized Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Polak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Provincial Specialist Hospital in Bia\u0142a Podlaska, ul. Terebelska 57-65, 21-500 Bia\u0142a Podlaska, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5439-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rados\u0142aw P.","family":"Radzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9706-6676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Bie\u0144ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2469-6113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Szyma\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0383-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Topolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krak\u00f3w, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Manastyrska-Stolarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Szponar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Clinic, Clinical Department of Toxicology and Cardiology, Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski Regional Specialist Hospital, Medical University of Lublin, 20-718 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000563","article-title":"Male osteoporosis","volume":"66","author":"Bandeira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. 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