{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:05:08Z","timestamp":1791000308384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Despite extensive research on caffeine\u2019s (CAF\u2019s) ergogenic effects, evidence regarding its impact on anaerobic performance in female athletes remains limited and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 6 mg\/kg\u22121 caffeine on anaerobic performance, functional strength, agility, and ball speed in female soccer players. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was employed. Thirteen moderately trained female soccer players (age: 21.08 \u00b1 1.11 years; height: 161.69 \u00b1 6.30 cm; weight: 59.69 \u00b1 10.52 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.77 \u00b1 3.50 kg\/m2; training age: 7.77 \u00b1 1.16 years; habitual caffeine intake: 319 \u00b1 160 mg\/day) completed two experimental trials (caffeine vs. placebo (PLA)), separated by at least 48 h. Testing sessions included performance assessments in vertical jump (VJ), running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), bilateral leg strength (LS), handgrip strength (HS), single hop for distance (SH), medial rotation (90\u00b0) hop for distance (MRH), change of direction (COD), and ball speed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also recorded. Results: CAF ingestion significantly improved minimum (p = 0.011; d = 0.35) and average power (p = 0.007; d = 0.29) during RAST. A significant increase was also observed in SHR (single leg hop for distance right) performance (p = 0.045; d = 0.44). No significant differences were found in VJ, COD, ball speed, LS, HS, SHL, MRHR, or MRHL (p &gt; 0.05). RPE showed a moderate effect size (d = 0.65) favoring the CAF condition, though not statistically significant (p = 0.110). Conclusions: In conclusion, acute CAF intake at a dose of 6 mg\/kg\u22121 may enhance anaerobic capacity and lower-limb functional strength in female soccer players, with no significant effects on jump height, agility, or upper-body strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17132156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1751264316000},"page":"2156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance and Functional Strength in Female Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0810-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakk\u0131","family":"Mor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coaching Education, Ya\u015far Do\u011fu Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz May\u0131s University, Samsun 55200, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1181-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57010, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4533-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mekki","family":"Abdio\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6740-1867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Drago\u0219 Ioan","family":"Toh\u0103nean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Motor Performance, Transilvania University of Bra\u0219ov, Eroilor nr. 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9897-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lin Vasile","family":"Savu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Games and Physical Education, \u201cDun\u0103rea de Jos\u201d University of Galati, 800008 Gala\u021bi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizem Ceylan","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mu\u015f Alparslan University, Mu\u015f 49250, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6087-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Elena","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Iasi, 700506 Ia\u015fi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Iulian","family":"Alexe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2021.101125","article-title":"The prevalence and practices of caffeine use as an ergogenic aid in English professional soccer","volume":"38","author":"Tallis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. 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