{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:41:25Z","timestamp":1792226485905,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune modulation, gut barrier integrity, and inflammation regulation, making it highly relevant in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD patients often exhibit vitamin D deficiency, which has been linked to increased disease activity, impaired mucosal healing, and a higher risk of complications, including infections and osteoporosis. Methods: This review examines the biological functions of vitamin D in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, particularly in the context of IBD. It discusses the prevalence and consequences of vitamin D deficiency in IBD, including its potential to exacerbate disease progression, impair treatment efficacy, and negatively impact long-term health outcomes. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies to address vitamin D deficiency are explored, including supplementation approaches, dosing strategies, and precision nutrition interventions that aim to personalize vitamin D management based on individual patient needs and disease characteristics. Results: By synthesizing the latest evidence, this review highlights the critical role of vitamin D in IBD management, underlining how optimal vitamin D levels may not only improve disease control but also enhance patient quality of life and reduce the risk of long-term complications associated with the disease. Conclusions: Understanding the importance of vitamin D in IBD could help refine treatment strategies and promote better health outcomes for affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17132167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1751264316000},"page":"2167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Role of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Deficiency to Targeted Therapeutics and Precise Nutrition Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9395-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Dell\u2019Anna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Endoscopie Interventionnelle, H\u00f4pital Priv\u00e9 des Peupliers, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1198-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Fanizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 56, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Zilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Furfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 56, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, 24046 Zingonia (Bergamo), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Solitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 56, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9931-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Vito","family":"Mandarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 56, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Fuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2107-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Facciorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0645-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Donatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Endoscopie Interventionnelle, H\u00f4pital Priv\u00e9 des Peupliers, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Allocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 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