{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:45:40Z","timestamp":1788921940779,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Francisco Vitoria University (UFV)","award":["AGL-2024-46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL-2024-46"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in fat utilization associated with transitioning from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy, physically active men during a ramp exercise test. Methods: In a controlled crossover design, fourteen healthy, physically active men followed a traditional Mediterranean diet for three weeks (baseline). Then, participants transitioned to a four-week isocaloric vegan version of the Mediterranean diet, matched for macronutrient distribution but excluding all animal foods. Immediately after each dietary intervention, participants completed an incremental exercise test (from 30% to 70% of VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer in a fasted state to determine peak fat oxidation (PFO) and its associated exercise intensity (Fatmax). Exercise heart rate and the rating of perceived exertion were also recorded at each exercise intensity. Results: The traditional and vegan Mediterranean diets provided comparable amounts of energy (2599.6 \u00b1 180.8 and 2634.9 \u00b1 148.3 kcal\/day, p = 0.140) and total fat (97.0 \u00b1 17.8 and 99.0 \u00b1 13.2 g\/day; p = 0.620). However, the vegan Mediterranean diet contained a lower proportion of saturated fat (25.2 \u00b1 6.8 vs. 13.6 \u00b1 4.4% of total fat, p &lt; 0.010). Still, the dietary transition was not associated with modifications in PFO (0.323 \u00b1 0.153 and 0.347 \u00b1 0.147 g\/min; p = 0.678) or Fatmax (40.51 \u00b1 7.30 and 40.51 \u00b1 10.71%VO2peak; p = 1.000) during exercise. Moreover, the dietary transition did not significantly change the response curves across exercise intensities for fat oxidation (p = 0.553), heart rate (p = 0.280), or the rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.433). Conclusions: Switching from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet did not affect fat oxidation, exercise intensity at peak fat oxidation, or perceptual responses during exercise in healthy, active men. These findings suggest that physically active individuals can adopt a vegan version of the Mediterranean diet without compromising fat utilization during submaximal aerobic exercise. Clinical Trial Registry: NCT06008886. Date of registration: 28 July 2023.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17142274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T09:38:27Z","timestamp":1752140307000},"page":"2274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The OMNIVEG Study: Effects of Transitioning from a Traditional to a Vegan Mediterranean Diet on Fat Oxidation During Exercise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-6210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diet, Planetary Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Food Biotechnology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uju\u00e9","family":"Fres\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal, 08024 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5785-984X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Del Coso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9130-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mill\u00e1n","family":"Aguilar-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4511-5592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Iglesias-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellness and Health, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7207-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Amaro-Gahete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9721-2269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Hell\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.6.1402S","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet Pyramid: A Cultural Model for Healthy Eating","volume":"61","author":"Willett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. 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