{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:48:22Z","timestamp":1779889702956,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":227,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common vascular disorder in the elderly, often accompanied by frailty syndrome, which is associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and functional decline. Nutritional strategies, particularly those involving bioactive compounds like flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids, have been suggested as potential approaches to modulate these pathological processes. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids, and their possible roles in mitigating frailty syndrome in patients with PAD. We examine mechanistic pathways including NF-\u03baB, AMPK, PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR, and Nrf2, which are implicated in chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and muscle wasting. Although studies in general and aging populations suggest beneficial effects of these compounds on vascular and muscle health, specific evidence in PAD patients remains limited. Flavonoids may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production and enhance antioxidant responses, while omega-3 fatty acids have shown potential in modulating inflammatory signaling and supporting vascular repair. Current data provide a basis for further investigation into the dietary modulation of frailty syndrome in PAD. Understanding the impact of these nutrients may offer insights into adjunctive strategies for improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17142303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T07:54:23Z","timestamp":1752479663000},"page":"2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Flavonoids and Omega-3 in Mitigating Frailty Syndrome to Improve Treatment Outcomes in Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Jamshidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Eskandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirhossein Faghih","family":"Ojaroodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayan","family":"Keramat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology\/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Support Association of Patients of Buerger\u2019s Disease, Buerger\u2019s Disease NGO, Mashhad 9183785195, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6939-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology\/Vascular Medicine, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Angiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Zio\u0142owa 45\/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e980","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30293-1","article-title":"Differential burden of peripheral artery disease","volume":"7","author":"Kengne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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