{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:14:47Z","timestamp":1785266087396,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Talent Special Project: Research on Key Technologies and Industrialization of Deer Tendon Chelated Calcium Preparations","award":["20240601086RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240601086RC"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Talent Special Project: Research on Key Technologies and Industrialization of Deer Tendon Chelated Calcium Preparations","award":["23JQ08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JQ08"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Talent Special Project: Research on Key Technologies and Industrialization of Deer Tendon Chelated Calcium Preparations","award":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Talent Special Project: Research on Key Technologies and Industrialization of Deer Tendon Chelated Calcium Preparations","award":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Talent Special Project: Research on Key Technologies and Industrialization of Deer Tendon Chelated Calcium Preparations","award":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"]}]},{"name":"Key technology and industrialization of deer heart peptide products","award":["20240601086RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240601086RC"]}]},{"name":"Key technology and industrialization of deer heart peptide products","award":["23JQ08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JQ08"]}]},{"name":"Key technology and industrialization of deer heart peptide products","award":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"]}]},{"name":"Key technology and industrialization of deer heart peptide products","award":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"]}]},{"name":"Key technology and industrialization of deer heart peptide products","award":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer in Jilin Province","award":["20240601086RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240601086RC"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer in Jilin Province","award":["23JQ08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JQ08"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer in Jilin Province","award":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer in Jilin Province","award":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer in Jilin Province","award":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"]}]},{"name":"Jilin province system of sika deer deer products deep processing","award":["20240601086RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240601086RC"]}]},{"name":"Jilin province system of sika deer deer products deep processing","award":["23JQ08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JQ08"]}]},{"name":"Jilin province system of sika deer deer products deep processing","award":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"]}]},{"name":"Jilin province system of sika deer deer products deep processing","award":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"]}]},{"name":"Jilin province system of sika deer deer products deep processing","award":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation\u2014Free Exploration Project","award":["20240601086RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240601086RC"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation\u2014Free Exploration Project","award":["23JQ08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23JQ08"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation\u2014Free Exploration Project","award":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202502CXJD077"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation\u2014Free Exploration Project","award":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JLARS-2025-0802-09"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation\u2014Free Exploration Project","award":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202501ZYTS706"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role and potential mechanism of deer antler peptides (DAP) in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced brain injury. Methods: In the in vivo study, C57BL\/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with 400 mg\/kg D-gal and gavaged with DAP (50 and 200 mg\/kg) for 5 weeks. In vitro studies, D-gal (30 \u03bcg\/mL) induced senescent BV2 cells were used for further research. Results: DAP increased the expression of BDNF and VEGF in the brain tissue of aging mice, reduced the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in serum, and decreased the pathological damage of brain tissue. In vitro, DAP promoted the proliferation of D-gal-induced senescent BV2 cells, reduced ROS level, and inhibited the release of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1. In addition, DAP significantly reduced the protein expressions of TLR4 and MyD88, and inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-\u03baB. Conclusions: DAP can inhibit the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and promote neovascularization. This indicates the therapeutic potential of DAP as a natural bioactive substance in preventing aging-related brain injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17142306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T07:54:23Z","timestamp":1752479663000},"page":"2306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protective Effects of Deer Antler Peptides on D-Galactose-Induced Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sihan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2694-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongmei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1093510","article-title":"Chlorogenic Acid Protects d -Galactose-Induced Liver and Kidney Injury via Antioxidation and Anti-Inflammation Effects in Mice","volume":"54","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. 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