{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:38:42Z","timestamp":1792114722214,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":226,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of eating disorders (EDs), particularly in women, who are more frequently affected by these conditions. Women with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder exhibit distinct alterations in gut microbiota composition compared to healthy controls. These alterations, collectively termed dysbiosis, involve reduced microbial diversity and shifts in key bacterial populations responsible for regulating metabolism, inflammation, and gut\u2013brain signaling. The gut microbiota is known to influence appetite regulation, mood, and stress responses\u2014factors closely implicated in the pathogenesis of EDs. In women, hormonal fluctuations related to menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause may further modulate gut microbial profiles, potentially compounding vulnerabilities to disordered eating. Moreover, the restrictive eating patterns, purging behaviors, and altered dietary intake often observed in women with EDs exacerbate microbial imbalances, contributing to intestinal permeability, low-grade inflammation, and disturbances in neurotransmitter production. This evolving understanding suggests that microbiota-targeted therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), could complement conventional psychological and pharmacological treatments in women with EDs. Furthermore, precision nutrition and personalized microbiome-based interventions tailored to an individual\u2019s microbial and metabolic profile offer promising avenues for improving treatment efficacy, even though these approaches remain exploratory and their clinical applicability has yet to be fully validated. Future research should focus on sex-specific microbial signatures, causal mechanisms, and microbiota-based interventions to enhance personalized treatment for women struggling with eating disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17142316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T08:04:41Z","timestamp":1752566681000},"page":"2316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Gut Microbiota in Women with Eating Disorders: A New Frontier in Pathophysiology and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5393-4509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta","family":"Sfratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8861-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariateresa","family":"Acanfora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5839-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Benedetta","family":"Anesini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6558-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianandrea","family":"Traversi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3314-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Maria","family":"Lisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5224-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Pola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Internal Medicine and Thromboembolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6230-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9767-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Gaetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Cristo Re Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Cristo Re Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., and Muehleman, V. (2023). Eating Disorders and Metabolic Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032446"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.06.068","article-title":"Psychopharmacology of Eating Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"338","author":"Fornaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler, M.J., Perrini, A.A., and Eckel, L.A. (2021). The Role of the Gut Microbiome, Immunity, and Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Eating Disorders. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020500"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteleone, A.M., Troisi, J., Serena, G., Fasano, A., Dalle Grave, R., Cascino, G., Marciello, F., Calugi, S., Scala, G., and Corrivetti, G. (2021). The Gut Microbiome and Metabolomics Profiles of Restricting and Binge-Purging Type Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020507"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i12.1655","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Female Health","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2022.2081288","article-title":"Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus HA-114 Improves Eating Behaviors and Mood-Related Factors in Adults with Overweight during Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grau-Del Valle, C., Fern\u00e1ndez, J., Sol\u00e1, E., Montoya-Castilla, I., Morillas, C., and Ba\u00f1uls, C. (2023). Association between Gut Microbiota and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front. Psychol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1215674"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2017.987","article-title":"Gut Microbiota\u2019s Effect on Mental Health: The Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"7","author":"Clapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merlo, G., Bachtel, G., and Sugden, S.G. (2024). Gut Microbiota, Nutrition, and Mental Health. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1337889"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong, R.-G., Li, J., Cheng, J., Zhou, D.-D., Wu, S.-X., Huang, S.-Y., Saimaiti, A., Yang, Z.-J., Gan, R.-Y., and Li, H.-B. (2023). The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143258"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-020-01474-7","article-title":"Human Gut Microbiota\/Microbiome in Health and Diseases: A Review","volume":"113","author":"Gomaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Montero, C., Fraile-Mart\u00ednez, O., G\u00f3mez-Lahoz, A.M., Pekarek, L., Castellanos, A.J., Noguerales-Fraguas, F., Coca, S., Guijarro, L.G., Garc\u00eda-Honduvilla, N., and As\u00fansolo, A. (2021). Nutritional Components in Western Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet at the Gut Microbiota\u2013Immune System Interplay. Implications for Health and Disease. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020699"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinninella, E., Raoul, P., Cintoni, M., Franceschi, F., Miggiano, G.A.D., Gasbarrini, A., and Mele, M.C. (2019). What Is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2943-4","article-title":"An Insight into Gut Microbiota and Its Functionalities","volume":"76","author":"Adak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa181","article-title":"Diet and the Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health","volume":"12","author":"Berding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"679","article-title":"Measuring the Diversity of the Human Microbiota with Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Finotello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marano, G., Mazza, M., Lisci, F.M., Ciliberto, M., Traversi, G., Kotzalidis, G.D., De Berardis, D., Laterza, L., Sani, G., and Gasbarrini, A. (2023). The Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis: Psychoneuroimmunological Insights. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061496"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B., Johnson, A.C., and Grundy, D. (2017). Gastrointestinal Physiology and Function. Gastrointestinal Pharmacology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-56360-2"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00485-8","article-title":"Stomach Microbiota, Helicobacter Pylori, and Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells","volume":"52","author":"Ohno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328166","article-title":"Advancing Human Gut Microbiota Research by Considering Gut Transit Time","volume":"72","author":"Falony","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2009","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease","volume":"90","author":"Sekirov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-010-9796-1","article-title":"A Closer Look at Bacteroides: Phylogenetic Relationship and Genomic Implications of a Life in the Human Gut","volume":"61","author":"Karlsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.005","article-title":"Gut\u2013Brain Axis: How the Microbiome Influences Anxiety and Depression","volume":"36","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6076","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160914183804","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota and the Emergence of Autoimmunity: Relevance to Major Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"22","author":"Severance","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G779","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00203.2005","article-title":"Epithelial Cells and Their Neighbors. IV. Bacterial Contributions to Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity","volume":"289","author":"Ismail","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11053","article-title":"Human Gut Microbiome Viewed across Age and Geography","volume":"486","author":"Yatsunenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181d1b11e","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota of 6-week-old Infants Across Europe: Geographic Influence Beyond Delivery Mode, Breast-feeding, and Antibiotics","volume":"51","author":"Fallani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Busnelli, M., Manzini, S., and Chiesa, G. (2019). The Gut Microbiota Affects Host Pathophysiology as an Endocrine Organ: A Focus on Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010079"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patterson, E., Ryan, P.M., Wiley, N., Carafa, I., Sherwin, E., Moloney, G., Franciosi, E., Mandal, R., Wishart, D.S., and Tuohy, K. (2019). Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid-Producing Lactobacilli Positively Affect Metabolism and Depressive-like Behaviour in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51781-x"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6213","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S384949","article-title":"Vagus Nerve and Underlying Impact on the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in Behavior and Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, G.-J. (2018). Food Addiction A Common Neurobiological Mechanism with Drug Abuse. Front. Biosci., 23.","DOI":"10.2741\/4618"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faraji, N., Payami, B., Ebadpour, N., and Gorji, A. (2025). Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Gut Microbiota Interactions: A Novel Therapeutic Avenue for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 169.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105990"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scaldaferri, F., Gerardi, V., Lopetuso, L.R., Del Zompo, F., Mangiola, F., Bo\u0161koski, I., Bruno, G., Petito, V., Laterza, L., and Cammarota, G. (2013). Gut Microbial Flora, Prebiotics, and Probiotics in IBD: Their Current Usage and Utility. Biomed. Res. Int., 2013.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/435268"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623311428481","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease","volume":"40","author":"Bolon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"552","article-title":"The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Brain and Behaviour","volume":"18","author":"Dinan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102348","article-title":"Autoimmunity in Psychotic Disorders. Where We Stand, Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"18","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00776-4","article-title":"Origins and Immunopathogenesis of Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disorders","volume":"19","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1434-3","article-title":"Impact of Microbiota on Central Nervous System and Neurological Diseases: The Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.07.002","article-title":"Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis","volume":"112","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hestad, K., Alexander, J., Rootwelt, H., and Aaseth, J.O. (2022). The Role of Tryptophan Dysmetabolism and Quinolinic Acid in Depressive and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12070998"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51832","article-title":"CSF Neopterin and Quinolinic Acid Are Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity in FIRES and Other Infection-triggered Encephalopathy Syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Dale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v29.i45.5945","article-title":"Gut Microbiota in Women: The Secret of Psychological and Physical Well-Being","volume":"29","author":"Marano","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.03.006","article-title":"Function of the Microbiota","volume":"27","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237439","article-title":"The Long-Term Stability of the Human Gut Microbiota","volume":"341","author":"Faith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.08.001","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota in the First Decade of Life","volume":"27","author":"Derrien","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-15-2-189","article-title":"The Microbial Ecology of the Large Bowel of Breastfed and Formula-Fed Infants During the First Year of Life","volume":"15","author":"Stark","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solano-Aguilar, G.I., Lakshman, S., Shao, J., Chen, C., Beshah, E., Dawson, H.D., Vinyard, B., Schroeder, S.G., Jang, S., and Molokin, A. (2022). Correction: Solano-Aguilar et al. Fruit and Vegetable Supplemented Diet Modulates the Pig Transcriptome and Microbiome after a Two-Week Feeding Intervention. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214513"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002172","article-title":"Vitamin A as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent","volume":"61","author":"Reifen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz034","article-title":"Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation and Vitamin A Status Are Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition in Bangladeshi Infants in Early Infancy and at 2 Years of Age","volume":"149","author":"Huda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Luo, J., Yu, D., Zhang, T., Lin, Q., Li, Q., Wu, X., Su, Z., Zhang, Q., and Xiang, Q. (2018). Vitamin A Promotes Leydig Cell Differentiation via Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1. Front. Endocrinol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00644"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-41-5-894","article-title":"Hormonal Changes in Puberty III: Correlation of Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone, Testosterone, FSH, and LH with Stages of Puberty and Bone Age in Normal Boys and Girls and in Patients with Addison\u2019s Disease or Hypogonadism or with Premature or Late Adrenarche","volume":"41","author":"Sizonenko","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konieczna, P., Ferstl, R., Ziegler, M., Frei, R., Nehrbass, D., Lauener, R.P., Akdis, C.A., and O\u2019Mahony, L. (2013). Immunomodulation by Bifidobacterium Infantis 35624 in the Murine Lamina Propria Requires Retinoic Acid-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062617"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2014.12.006","article-title":"The Developing Brain in a Multitasking World","volume":"35","author":"Rothbart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.01.005","article-title":"The Influence of the Neighborhood Physical Environment on Early Child Health and Development: A Review and Call for Research","volume":"33","author":"Christian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollister, E.B., Riehle, K., Luna, R.A., Weidler, E.M., Rubio-Gonzales, M., Mistretta, T.-A., Raza, S., Doddapaneni, H.V., Metcalf, G.A., and Muzny, D.M. (2015). Structure and Function of the Healthy Pre-Adolescent Pediatric Gut Microbiome. Microbiome, 3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0101-x"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25770","article-title":"Importance of Investing in Adolescence from a Developmental Science Perspective","volume":"554","author":"Dahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, Y., Oishi, S., Cronin, C., M\u00fcllensiefen, D., Atkinson, Q., Fujii, S., and Savage, P.E. (2020, January 11\u201316). Perceptual vs. Automated Judgments of Music Copyright Infringement 2020. Proceedings of the 21st ISMIR Conference, Montreal, QC, Canada.","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/tq7v5"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.10.007","article-title":"Of Mice and Men and Women: Sexual Dimorphism of the Gut Microbiome","volume":"7","author":"McGee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233521","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Gut Microbiome Drive Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Autoimmunity","volume":"339","author":"Markle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2540","article-title":"Unravelling the Effects of the Environment and Host Genotype on the Gut Microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Spor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominianni, C., Sinha, R., Goedert, J.J., Pei, Z., Yang, L., Hayes, R.B., and Ahn, J. (2015). Sex, Body Mass Index, and Dietary Fiber Intake Influence the Human Gut Microbiome. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124599"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.2.1027-1033.2006","article-title":"Differences in Fecal Microbiota in Different European Study Populations in Relation to Age, Gender, and Country: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"72","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw162","article-title":"A Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing S-1 versus UFT as Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II\/III Rectal Cancer (JFMC35-C1: ACTS-RC)","volume":"27","author":"Oki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-253","article-title":"Fecal Microbial Determinants of Fecal and Systemic Estrogens and Estrogen Metabolites: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"10","author":"Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scavello, I., Maseroli, E., Di Stasi, V., and Vignozzi, L. (2019). Sexual Health in Menopause. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55090559"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-018-1488-5","article-title":"Differences in Gut Microbiota Associated with Age, Sex, and Stool Consistency in Healthy Japanese Subjects","volume":"54","author":"Takagi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1410.10014","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Community and Its Assembly Associated with Age and Diet in Chinese Centenarians","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10440-5","article-title":"Sex-Specific Association between Gut Microbiome and Fat Distribution","volume":"10","author":"Min","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321173","article-title":"Bacteria-Derived Long Chain Fatty Acid Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Colitis","volume":"70","author":"Pujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2040-3","article-title":"Sex-Specific Adipose Tissue Imprinting of Regulatory T Cells","volume":"579","author":"Vasanthakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Moore, C.A., and Bokor, B.R. (2023). Anorexia Nervosa. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000739","article-title":"Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa","volume":"34","author":"Hoek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01130-9","article-title":"Early-Onset Anorexia Nervosa: A Scoping Review and Management Guidelines","volume":"12","author":"Ayrolles","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0132","article-title":"Eating Disorders","volume":"333","author":"Attia","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000965","article-title":"The Microbiome in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","volume":"52","year":"2024","journal-title":"Z. Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology31010006","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Changes in Anorexia Nervosa: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.3179","article-title":"Unlocking the Link Between Gut Microbiota and Psychopathological Insights in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review","volume":"33","author":"Scala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902771","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1902771","article-title":"The Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"13","author":"Prochazkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-022-01116-3","article-title":"Roseburia, a Decreased Bacterial Taxon in the Gut Microbiota of Patients Suffering from Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"76","author":"Mondot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.3069","article-title":"Probiotic and Prebiotic Interventions in Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review","volume":"32","author":"Baenas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morisaki, Y., Miyata, N., Nakashima, M., Hata, T., Takakura, S., Yoshihara, K., Suematsu, T., Nomoto, K., Miyazaki, K., and Tsuji, H. (2023). Persistence of Gut Dysbiosis in Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296037"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huwart, S.J.P., Morales-Puerto, N., and Everard, A. (2025). Gut Microbiota-Related Neuroinflammation at the Crossroad of Food Reward Alterations: Implications for Eating Disorders. Gut, 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-333397"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.09.115","article-title":"Causal Effects of Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, Immune Cells, Liposomes, and Inflammatory Proteins on Anorexia Nervosa: A Mediation Joint Multi-Omics Mendelian Randomization Analysis","volume":"368","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00e4ver, L., Voelz, C., Specht, H.E., Thelen, A.C., Keller, L., Dahmen, B., Andreani, N.A., Tenbrock, K., Biemann, R., and Borucki, K. (2024). Cytokine and Microbiome Changes in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa at Admission, Discharge, and One-Year Follow-Up. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111596"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-025-01719-2","article-title":"Beneath the Surface: Unveiling the Gut\u2013Brain Axis in Anorexia and Depression","volume":"30","author":"Shahid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eat. Weight. Disord. Stud. Anorex. Bulim. Obes."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01796-6","article-title":"Anorexia Nervosa in Children and Adolescents: An Early Detection of Risk Factors","volume":"50","author":"Bozzola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.11.049","article-title":"Gut Microbiotas, Inflammatory Factors, and Mental-Behavioral Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"371","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Z., Guo, M., Yu, B., Wang, Y., Yan, Z., and Gao, R. (2024). Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa: A Mendelian Randomization Study of Gut Microbiota. Front. Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1396932"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01355-5","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Anorexia Nervosa in Humans and Mice","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00917-6","article-title":"The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in Regulating Stress Responses, Eating Behavior, and Nutritional State in Anorexia Nervosa: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"Quagebeur","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70014","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70014","article-title":"Changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes Ratio in the Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa Following Inpatient Treatment: A Systematic Review and a Case Series","volume":"14","author":"Helal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01015-24","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01015-24","article-title":"Gut Microbiota-Derived Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Improves Host Appetite by Inhibiting Satiety Hormone Secretion","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Msystems"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2024.01.002","article-title":"Anorexia Nervosa: Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Risk Biomarkers in Clinical Practice","volume":"30","author":"Himmerich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitetta, L., Bambling, M., and Strodl, E. (2025). Persister Intestinal Bacteria, Epigenetics and Major Depression. Front. Biosci. Landmark, 30.","DOI":"10.31083\/FBL26837"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.115914","article-title":"Effects of Antipsychotics on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota: A Systematic Review","volume":"336","author":"Dias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304158","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2304158","article-title":"Longitudinal Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Adolescent Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Microbiome-Related Factors Associated with Clinical Outcome","volume":"16","author":"Andreani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgo, F., Riva, A., Benetti, A., Casiraghi, M.C., Bertelli, S., Garbossa, S., Anselmetti, S., Scarone, S., Pontiroli, A.E., and Morace, G. (2017). Microbiota in Anorexia Nervosa: The Triangle between Bacterial Species, Metabolites and Psychological Tests. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179739"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23435","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Alteration in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa Does Not Normalize with Short-term Weight Restoration","volume":"54","author":"Schulz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000247","article-title":"The Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Anorexia Nervosa and During Renourishment","volume":"77","author":"Kleiman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van de Pol, J.A.A., van Best, N., Mbakwa, C.A., Thijs, C., Savelkoul, P.H., Arts, I.C.W., Hornef, M.W., Mommers, M., and Penders, J. (2017). Gut Colonization by Methanogenic Archaea Is Associated with Organic Dairy Consumption in Children. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00355"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.10.004","article-title":"Altered Host-Gut Microbes Symbiosis in Severely Malnourished Anorexia Nervosa (AN) Patients Undergoing Enteral Nutrition: An Explicative Factor of Functional Intestinal Disorders?","volume":"38","author":"Hanachi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.01.013","article-title":"Inflamed Moods: A Review of the Interactions between Inflammation and Mood Disorders","volume":"53","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116115","article-title":"A Transdiagnostic and Diagnostic-Specific Approach on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"340","author":"Dani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalkan, A.E., BinMowyna, M.N., Raposo, A., Ahmad, M.F., Ahmed, F., Otayf, A.Y., Carrascosa, C., Saraiva, A., and Karav, S. (2025). Beyond the Gut: Unveiling Butyrate\u2019s Global Health Impact Through Gut Health and Dysbiosis-Related Conditions: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17081305"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"396","article-title":"The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation, the Hypothalamic\u2013Pituitary\u2013Adrenal Axis and Serotonin in the Cancer Anorexia\u2013Cachexia Syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Dwarkasing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-025-01602-7","article-title":"A First Glimpse into Circulating Ghrelin Patterns of Thin-Billed Prion Chicks (Pachyptila Belcheri)","volume":"195","author":"Slezacek","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fakhoury, M., Salman, I., Najjar, W., Merhej, G., and Lawand, N. (2020). The Lateral Hypothalamus: An Uncharted Territory for Processing Peripheral Neurogenic Inflammation. Front. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00101"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, F., Jing, L., Xu, Y., Zhang, K., Li, Y., Sun, N., Liu, P., and Zhang, H. (2024). Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Factor Characteristics in Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Anorexia. BMC Psychiatry, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05778-0"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freff, J., Br\u00f6ker, L., Leite Dantas, R., Schwarte, K., B\u00fchlmeier, J., Kraft, I., Hinney, A., Buhlmann, U., Arolt, V., and Dannlowski, U. (2022). Expression of CXCR4 on CD4+ T Cells Predicts Body Composition Parameters in Female Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.960905"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113982","article-title":"A Review of Anorexia Induced by T-2 Toxin","volume":"179","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10012","article-title":"An Update on T2-Toxins: Metabolism, Immunotoxicity Mechanism and Human Assessment Exposure of Intestinal Microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conde, K., Fang, S., and Xu, Y. (2023). Unraveling the Serotonin Saga: From Discovery to Weight Regulation and beyond\u2014A Comprehensive Scientific Review. Cell Biosci., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01091-7"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierzgalski, A., Bry\u0142a, M., Kanabus, J., Modrzewska, M., and Podolska, G. (2021). Updated Review of the Toxicity of Selected Fusarium Toxins and Their Modified Forms. Toxins, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13110768"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116612","article-title":"The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anorexia Induced by T-2 Toxin","volume":"281","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, L., Wang, L., Huang, Z., Chen, J.-K., Tucker, L., and Zhang, Q. (2025). Comprehensive Insights into Emerging Advances in the Neurobiology of Anorexia. J. Adv. Res., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.03.046"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","article-title":"From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites","volume":"165","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","article-title":"The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Interplay between Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Host Energy Metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Groen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2637002100","article-title":"Short-Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Leptin Production in Adipocytes through the G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR41","volume":"101","author":"Xiong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-007-9145-y","article-title":"Expression of the Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor, GPR43, in the Human Colon","volume":"39","author":"Karaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Histol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00887","article-title":"Gut Hormone PYY3-36 Physiologically Inhibits Food Intake","volume":"418","author":"Batterham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"4382","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (7\u201336) Amide on Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans","volume":"86","author":"Verdich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511002194","article-title":"Effects of Oligofructose on Appetite Profile, Glucagon-like Peptide 1 and Peptide YY3-36 Concentrations and Energy Intake","volume":"106","author":"Verhoef","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, Y.P., Bernardi, A., and Frozza, R.L. (2020). The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication. Front. Endocrinol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.06.003","article-title":"Propionate Stimulates the Secretion of Satiety Hormones and Reduces Acute Appetite in a Cecal Fistula Pig Model","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111619","article-title":"Oligosaccharide and Short-Chain Fatty Acid: A Double-Edged Sword in Obese Mice by Regulating Food Intake and Fat Synthesis","volume":"159","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gruber, J., Hanssen, R., Qubad, M., Bouzouina, A., Schack, V., Sochor, H., Schiweck, C., Aichholzer, M., Matura, S., and Slattery, D.A. (2023). Impact of Insulin and Insulin Resistance on Brain Dopamine Signalling and Reward Processing\u2014An Underexplored Mechanism in the Pathophysiology of Depression?. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 149.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105179"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadayonnejad, R., Majid, D.-A., Tsolaki, E., Rane, R., Wang, H., Moody, T.D., Pauli, W.M., Pouratian, N., Bari, A.A., and Murray, S.B. (2022). Mesolimbic Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Reward Motivation in Anorexia Nervosa: A Multimodal Imaging Study. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.806327"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02141-x","article-title":"Energy Metabolism in Health and Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, N., Mian, M.F., Nazli, A., and Kaushic, C. (2023). Human Vaginal Microbiota Colonization Is Regulated by Female Sex Hormones in a Mouse Model. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1307451"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, L., Zhang, W., Yuan, Y., Zhu, W., and Shang, A. (2022). Vaginal Microecological Characteristics of Women in Different Physiological and Pathological Period. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.959793"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, N.S., de Lima, A.B.F., de Brito, J.C.R., Sarmento, A.C.A., Gon\u00e7alves, A.K.S., and Eleut\u00e9rio, J. (2022). Postmenopausal Vaginal Microbiome and Microbiota. Front. Reprod. Health, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2021.780931"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab035","article-title":"The Role of Gut and Genital Microbiota and the Estrobolome in Endometriosis, Infertility and Chronic Pelvic Pain","volume":"28","author":"Salliss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammouda, Z.K., Wasfi, R., and Abdeltawab, N.F. (2023). Hormonal Drugs: Influence on Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Adherence of Selected Gut Microbiota. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1147585"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894070","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1894070","article-title":"The Impact of the Gut Microbiota on the Reproductive and Metabolic Endocrine System","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.35.1.256-263.1982","article-title":"Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone on Bacteroides Melaninogenicus and Bacteroides Gingivalis","volume":"35","author":"Kornman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M038869","article-title":"Clostridium Scindens: A Human Gut Microbe with a High Potential to Convert Glucocorticoids into Androgens","volume":"54","author":"Ridlon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00593-20","article-title":"Daily Vaginal Microbiota Fluctuations Associated with Natural Hormonal Cycle, Contraceptives, Diet, and Exercise","volume":"5","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Msphere"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01464-4","article-title":"Vaginal Microbiota and the Potential of Lactobacillus Derivatives in Maintaining Vaginal Health","volume":"19","author":"Chee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Fact."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000976","article-title":"Unravelling the Vaginal Microbiome, Impact on Health and Disease","volume":"36","author":"Plummer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04915-7","article-title":"The Association between Lifestyle Factors and the Composition of the Vaginal Microbiota: A Review","volume":"43","author":"Morsli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Lu, Y., Chen, T., and Li, R. (2021). The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.631972"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-021-02414-3","article-title":"Vaginal Microbiome: Normalcy vs. Dysbiosis","volume":"203","author":"Saraf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.11.005","article-title":"Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Host-Metabolism: Emphasis on Hormones Related to Reproductive Function","volume":"7","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2273-5602","article-title":"Impact of Physiological Fluctuations of Sex Hormones During the Menstrual Cycle on Glucose Metabolism and the Gut Microbiota","volume":"132","author":"Schieren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00681-z","article-title":"A Critical Analysis of Eating Disorders and the Gut Microbiome","volume":"10","author":"Terry","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sebastiani, G., Andreu-Fern\u00e1ndez, V., Herranz Barbero, A., Aldecoa-Bilbao, V., Miracle, X., Meler Barrabes, E., Balada Iba\u00f1ez, A., Astals-Vizcaino, M., Ferrero-Mart\u00ednez, S., and G\u00f3mez-Roig, M.D. (2020). Eating Disorders During Gestation: Implications for Mother\u2019s Health, Fetal Outcomes, and Epigenetic Changes. Front. Pediatr., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00587"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac094","article-title":"The Healthy Female Microbiome across Body Sites: Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives and the Menstrual Cycle","volume":"37","author":"Krog","year":"2022","journal-title":"Human. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hua, X., Cao, Y., Morgan, D.M., Miller, K., Chin, S.M., Bellavance, D., and Khalili, H. (2022). Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Oral Contraceptive Use on the Gut Microbiome. J. Med. Microbiol., 71.","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001512"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratten, L.K., Plummer, E.L., Bradshaw, C.S., Fairley, C.K., Murray, G.L., Garland, S.M., Bateson, D., Tachedjian, G., Masson, L., and Vodstrcil, L.A. (2021). The Effect of Exogenous Sex Steroids on the Vaginal Microbiota: A Systematic Review. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.732423"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garmendia, J.V., De Sanctis, C.V., Hajd\u00fach, M., and De Sanctis, J.B. (2024). Microbiota and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL); More than a Simple Connection. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202407.0685.v1"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236749","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2236749","article-title":"Gut Microbial Beta-Glucuronidase: A Vital Regulator in Female Estrogen Metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106930","article-title":"Estrogen Deficiency Induces Bone Loss through the Gut Microbiota","volume":"196","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2023.02.002","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of the Vaginal Microbiome of Healthy and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women: A Large Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"46","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00273-22","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00273-22","article-title":"Menopause Is Associated with an Altered Gut Microbiome and Estrobolome, with Implications for Adverse Cardiometabolic Risk in the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos","volume":"7","author":"Peters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Msystems"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac094","article-title":"Sex-Related Differences in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The Potential Role of Sex Hormones","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05702-6","article-title":"Gut Microbiome Associations with Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Tumor Characteristics: A Pilot Study","volume":"182","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, Y., Liu, Z., Shang, Q., Gao, Y., Li, X., Zheng, C., Deng, X., and Chen, T. (2020). The Disordered Vaginal Microbiota Is a Potential Indicator for a Higher Failure of in Vitro Fertilization. Front. Med., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00217"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2023.101855","article-title":"Menopause: Physiology, Definitions, and Symptoms","volume":"38","author":"Gatenby","year":"2024","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tramice, A., Paris, D., Manca, A., Guevara Agudelo, F.A., Petrosino, S., Siracusa, L., Carbone, M., Melck, D., Raymond, F., and Piscitelli, F. (2022). Analysis of the Oral Microbiome during Hormonal Cycle and Its Alterations in Menopausal Women: The \u201cAMICA\u201d Project. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26528-w"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001917","article-title":"Duodenal Microbiome Changes in Postmenopausal Women: Effects of Hormone Therapy and Implications for Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"29","author":"Leite","year":"2022","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.01.016","article-title":"Menses Requires Energy: A Review of How Disordered Eating, Excessive Exercise, and High Stress Lead to Menstrual Irregularities","volume":"42","author":"Huhmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0523","article-title":"Appetite-Regulating Hormones Cortisol and Peptide YY Are Associated with Disordered Eating Psychopathology, Independent of Body Mass Index","volume":"164","author":"Lawson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e765","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08365","article-title":"Impact of Physiologic Estrogen Replacement on Anxiety Symptoms, Body Shape Perception, and Eating Attitudes in Adolescent Girls With Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"74","author":"Misra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e490","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10544","article-title":"Estrogen Replacement Improves Verbal Memory and Executive Control in Oligomenorrheic\/Amenorrheic Athletes in a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"78","author":"Baskaran","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0170","article-title":"Cognitive Function and Brain Structure in Females With a History of Adolescent-Onset Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"122","author":"Chui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22405","article-title":"Bone Parameters in Relation to Attitudes and Feelings Associated with Disordered Eating in Oligo-amenorrheic Athletes, Eumenorrheic Athletes, and Nonathletes","volume":"48","author":"Eguiguren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.11.013","article-title":"Estrogen Administration Improves the Trajectory of Eating Disorder Pathology in Oligo-Amenorrheic Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"102","author":"Plessow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002511","article-title":"Unpacking Eating Disorder Risk and Resilience during Menopause: A Biopsychosocial Perspective","volume":"32","author":"Frazier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000893","article-title":"Update on the Epidemiology and Treatment of Eating Disorders among Older People","volume":"36","author":"Kummer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.109","article-title":"A Systematic Review on the Role of Microbiota in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Eating Disorders","volume":"64","author":"Carbone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113923","article-title":"The Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in Eating Disorders\u2014Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder","volume":"300","author":"Herman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novelle, M.G. (2021). Decoding the Role of Gut-Microbiome in the Food Addiction Paradigm. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136825"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Olcina, M., Rubio-Arias, J.A., Reche-Garc\u00eda, C., Leyva-Vela, B., Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda, M., Hern\u00e1ndez-Morante, J.J., and Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez, A. (2020). Eating Disorders in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: A Systematic Review. Medicina, 56.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56070352"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2021.09.001","article-title":"Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"2","author":"Watson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Glob. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.05.032","article-title":"Multiple Estrogen Receptor Subtypes Influence Ingestive Behavior in Female Rodents","volume":"152","author":"Santollo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100193","article-title":"Prevalence and Etiology of Eating Disorders in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Scoping Review","volume":"15","author":"Malik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2023.106384","article-title":"Estrogen Moderation of Genetic Influences on Eating Disorder Symptoms during Gonadarche in Girls: Specific Effects on Binge Eating","volume":"158","author":"Rolan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177899","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.177899","article-title":"Progesterone Promotes CXCl2-Dependent Vaginal Neutrophil Killing by Activating Cervical Resident Macrophage\u2013Neutrophil Crosstalk","volume":"9","author":"Latorre","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diviccaro, S., FitzGerald, J.A., Cioffi, L., Falvo, E., Crispie, F., Cotter, P.D., O\u2019Mahony, S.M., Giatti, S., Caruso, D., and Melcangi, R.C. (2022). Gut Steroids and Microbiota: Effect of Gonadectomy and Sex. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12060767"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424911","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2424911","article-title":"Clostridium innocuum, an Opportunistic Gut Pathogen, Inactivates Host Gut Progesterone and Arrests Ovarian Follicular Development","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monnin, N., Fattet, A.J., and Koscinski, I. (2023). Endometriosis: Update of Pathophysiology, (Epi) Genetic and Environmental Involvement. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030978"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coombes, Z., Yadav, V., McCoubrey, L., Freire, C., Basit, A., Conlan, R., and Gonzalez, D. (2020). Progestogens Are Metabolized by the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Colonic Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12080760"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05866-1","article-title":"METTL3-Dependent M6A Methylation Facilitates Uterine Receptivity and Female Fertility via Balancing Estrogen and Progesterone Signaling","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato, S., Nagasawa, T., Uehara, O., Shimizu, S., Sugiyama, N., Hasegawa-Nakamura, K., Noguchi, K., Hatae, M., Kakinoki, H., and Furuichi, Y. (2022). Increase in Bifidobacterium Is a Characteristic of the Difference in the Salivary Microbiota of Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women. BMC Oral Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02293-0"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Sun, D., Zhang, A., Huang, H., Li, Y., and Xu, D. (2023). Candida Albicans-Induced Activation of the TGF-\u03b2\/Smad Pathway and Upregulation of IL-6 May Contribute to Intrauterine Adhesion. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25471-0"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.12.015","article-title":"Human Implantation: The Complex Interplay between Endometrial Receptivity, Inflammation, and the Microbiome","volume":"117","author":"Sehring","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-021-05978-z","article-title":"Influence of Lactobacillus Crispatus, Lactobacillus Iners and Gardnerella Vaginalis on Bacterial Vaginal Composition in Pregnant Women","volume":"304","author":"Witkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead274","article-title":"The Endometrial Microbiota and Early Pregnancy Loss","volume":"39","author":"Odendaal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Human. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30685","article-title":"Vaginal Microbiota and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Pregnant Women at High Risk of Recurrence","volume":"10","author":"Schuster","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9752","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-2061","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Correlation between Intestinal Flora and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.075","article-title":"Progesterone Increases Bifidobacterium Relative Abundance during Late Pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"Neuman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.23","article-title":"Obesity Prevalence in Relation to Gut Microbial Environments Capable of Producing Equol or O-Desmethylangolensin from the Isoflavone Daidzein","volume":"68","author":"Frankenfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakatsu, C.H., Armstrong, A., Clavijo, A.P., Martin, B.R., Barnes, S., and Weaver, C.M. (2014). Fecal Bacterial Community Changes Associated with Isoflavone Metabolites in Postmenopausal Women after Soy Bar Consumption. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108924"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Functions: Metabolism of Nutrients and Other Food Components","volume":"57","author":"Rowland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, F., Ye, J., Zhu, X., Wang, L., Gao, P., Shu, G., Jiang, Q., and Wang, S. (2019). Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20123072"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161118666200401112955","article-title":"Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Mate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.04.016","article-title":"Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota (DOGMA)\u2014A Novel Theory for the Development of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Tremellen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.3166","article-title":"Editorial: Biological Therapies and Eating Disorders","volume":"33","author":"Himmerich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garzone, S., Charitos, I.A., Mandorino, M., Maggiore, M.E., Capozzi, L., Cakani, B., Dias Lopes, G.C., Bocchio-Chiavetto, L., and Colella, M. (2025). Can We Modulate Our Second Brain and Its Metabolites to Change Our Mood? A Systematic Review on Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Future Directions of \u201cPsychobiotics\u201d. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051972"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.05.053","article-title":"The Impact of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms of Patients with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"188","author":"Moshfeghinia","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marano, G., Rossi, S., Sfratta, G., Traversi, G., Lisci, F.M., Anesini, M.B., Pola, R., Gasbarrini, A., Gaetani, E., and Mazza, M. (2025). Gut Microbiota: A New Challenge in Mood Disorder Research. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15040593"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.66","article-title":"The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics Consensus Statement on the Scope and Appropriate Use of the Term Probiotic","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.001","article-title":"Psychobiotics: A Novel Class of Psychotropic","volume":"74","author":"Dinan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01143-4","article-title":"Probiotics and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review of Humans and Animal Model Studies","volume":"12","author":"Bahari","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Poveda, C., Jenkins, P.E., and Walton, G.E. (2021). An In Vitro Approach to Studying the Microbial Community and Impact of Pre and Probiotics under Anorexia Nervosa Related Dietary Restrictions. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124447"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.3004","article-title":"Lactobacillus Salivarius and Lactobacillus Gasseri Supplementation Reduces Stress-induced Sugar Craving in Mice","volume":"32","author":"Nicol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trinh, S., K\u00e4ver, L., Schl\u00f6sser, A., Simon, A., Kogel, V., Voelz, C., Beyer, C., and Seitz, J. (2023). Gut-Associated Lymphatic Tissue in Food-Restricted Rats: Influence of Refeeding and Probiotic Supplementation. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061411"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verspohl, V., van Egmond, M., Kneisel, L., Reese, F., Thelen, A.C., Korten, N., Neumann, M., Schaack, L., Voelz, C., and K\u00e4ver, L. (2025). Chronic Starvation Induces Microglial Cell Depletion in an Activity-Based Anorexia Model. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98237-z"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2876","article-title":"The Effects of Probiotics Administration on the Gut Microbiome in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa\u2014A Study Protocol for a Longitudinal, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial","volume":"30","author":"Zeiler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-024-07437-5","article-title":"Effects of Probiotic Supplementation Added to a Weight Loss Program on Anthropometric Measures, Body Composition, Eating Behavior, and Related Hormone Levels in Patients with Food Addiction and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"34","author":"Tafreshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komorniak, N., Kaczmarczyk, M., \u0141oniewski, I., Martynova-Van Kley, A., Nalian, A., Wro\u0144ski, M., Kaseja, K., Kowalewski, B., Folwarski, M., and Stachowska, E. (2023). Analysis of the Efficacy of Diet and Short-Term Probiotic Intervention on Depressive Symptoms in Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202309.2157.v1"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050636","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2050636","article-title":"Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy Induce Substantial and Persistent Changes in Microbial Communities and Metabolic Pathways","volume":"14","author":"Dang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.109315","article-title":"Gut Microbiome-Brain Interactions in Anorexia Nervosa: Potential Mechanisms and Regulatory Strategies","volume":"224","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinna Meyyappan, A., Forth, E., Wallace, C.J.K., and Milev, R. (2020). Effect of Fecal Microbiota Transplant on Symptoms of Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. BMC Psychiatry, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02654-5"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1159\/000495044","article-title":"Weight Gain after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Patient with Recurrent Underweight Following Clinical Recovery from Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"88","author":"Frissen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e070616","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070616","article-title":"An Open-Label Pilot Trial of Faecal Microbiome Transfer to Restore the Gut Microbiome in Anorexia Nervosa: Protocol","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-025-01276-0","article-title":"Investigating Fecal Microbiota Transplants from Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa in Antibiotic-Treated Mice Using a Cross-over Study Design","volume":"13","author":"Maschek","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24231","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa Did Not Alter Flexible Behavior in Rats","volume":"57","author":"Kooij","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2018.10.010","article-title":"Recent Research and Personalized Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"42","author":"Kan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, B., Harms, J., Chen, E., Gao, P., Xu, P., and He, Y. (2023). Current Discoveries and Future Implications of Eating Disorders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20146325"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-025-01209-x","article-title":"Harnessing Precision Nutrition to Individualize Weight Restoration in Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"13","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_222","first-page":"456","article-title":"Gender Differences and Multiple Determinants of Perceived Physical and Mental Health in Italy","volume":"33","author":"Golinelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Di Ig. Med. Prev. E Di Comunita"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, C., Xu, X., Li, Y., Li, X., Yang, X., Chen, H., Zhu, Y., Lu, N., and He, C. (2020). Sex-Specific Association between the Gut Microbiome and High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Biol. Sex. Differ., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-0281-3"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choukas-Bradley, S., Maheux, A.J., Aubrey, J.S., Charmaraman, L., Maas, M.K., Nesi, J., Ward, L.M., and Yang, C. (2025). Social Media Use, Body Image Concerns, and Disordered Eating Among Adolescents. Handbook of Children and Screens, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-69362-5_21"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shobeiri, P., Kalantari, A., Teixeira, A.L., and Rezaei, N. (2022). Shedding Light on Biological Sex Differences and Microbiota\u2013Gut\u2013Brain Axis: A Comprehensive Review of Its Roles in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biol. Sex. Differ., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00422-6"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.11.003","article-title":"Sex-Related Effects of Nutritional Supplementation of Escherichia Coli: Relevance to Eating Disorders","volume":"31","author":"Tennoune","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/14\/2316\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:09:43Z","timestamp":1760033383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/14\/2316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"references-count":226,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17142316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17142316","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]}}}