{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T15:11:43Z","timestamp":1782141103865,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq","award":["Grant-476634\/2013-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-476634\/2013-0"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["308040\/2022-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308040\/2022-8"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["Grant # 09-638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # 09-638"]}]},{"name":"GPPG\/FIPE-Fundo","award":["Grant-476634\/2013-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-476634\/2013-0"]}]},{"name":"GPPG\/FIPE-Fundo","award":["308040\/2022-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308040\/2022-8"]}]},{"name":"GPPG\/FIPE-Fundo","award":["Grant # 09-638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # 09-638"]}]},{"name":"CAPES fellowships","award":["Grant-476634\/2013-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-476634\/2013-0"]}]},{"name":"CAPES fellowships","award":["308040\/2022-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308040\/2022-8"]}]},{"name":"CAPES fellowships","award":["Grant # 09-638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant # 09-638"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: There is evidence concerning herbal medicines and plant-based compounds, including Lamiaceae species, as putative senolytic agents; however, there are only a few reports on Ocimum americanum properties using rat models. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects and potential modes of action of Ocimum americanum L. using ex vivo and in vivo assays to assess the effects of OAEE on hippocampal tissue from young adult and late middle-aged Wistar rats, with a focus on oxidative stress, cholinesterase activity, and neuroinflammatory markers. Methods: Ocimum americanum ethanol extract (OAEE) was incubated with hippocampal slices of young adult and late middle-aged male Wistar rats exposed to H2O2; an acute treatment with OAEE was evaluated in aversive memory performance and neurochemical parameters, such as hippocampal cellular oxidative state, and anticholinesterase activity, and a diet supplementation of OAEE were evaluated on several hippocampal biochemical parameters, such as oxidative state, anticholinesterase activity, and neuroinflammatory parameters in young adult and late middle-aged male rats. Results: OAEE reversed the H2O2-induced impaired cellular viability in hippocampal slices from young adult rats, as well as protected hippocampal slices against H2O2-induced damage in both young adult and late middle-aged Wistar rats, indicating its neuroprotective action. Chronic dietary OAEE supplementation reduced aging-induced increases in reactive species and lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus. Indeed, this supplementation reduced the TNF-\u03b1 content in hippocampus from both ages, and IL-1\u03b2 levels in young adult rats. Conclusions: The antioxidant actions of OAEE here observed, preventing the lipoperoxidation, as well as its anti-neuroinflammatory effect, might be related to neuroprotective effect. Our findings add evidence to support the idea of the potential use of Ocimum americanum as a nutraceutical or functional food in the aging process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17142368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T07:56:14Z","timestamp":1753084574000},"page":"2368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["American Basil, Ocimum americanum, Has Neuroprotective Properties in the Aging Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionara Rodrigues","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Vanzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Agustini","family":"Lovatel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Neuroci\u00eancias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Bertoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiano","family":"Spindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe dos Santos","family":"Moys\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9299-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Vizuete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilsane Lino von","family":"Poser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Mat\u00e9ria Prima, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alexandre","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Neuroci\u00eancias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyane, T.S., Jere, S.W., and Houreld, N.N. (2022). Oxidative Stress in Ageing and Chronic Degenerative Pathologies: Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Chronic Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137273"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111978","article-title":"The leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi attenuate brain aging in D-galactose-induced rats via regulating glutamate metabolism and Nrf2 signaling pathway","volume":"170","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206779010387","article-title":"The Psychopharmacology of European Herbs with Cognition-Enhancing Properties","volume":"12","author":"Kennedy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2005.06.010","article-title":"Effects of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) leaves on memory retention and its interaction with the cholinergic system in rats","volume":"22","author":"Eidi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12270","article-title":"Systematic review of clinical trials assessing pharmacological properties of Salvia species on memory, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Miroddi","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.07.008","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Ocimum sanctum on transient cerebral ischemia and long-term cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"74","author":"Yanpallewar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2020.101885","article-title":"The neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. in the regulation of neuronal density in hippocampus areas as a central autobiography memory on the rat model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"111","author":"Mataram","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.07.066","article-title":"Role of Ocimum basilicum L. in prevention of ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral damage, and motor dysfunctions in mice brain","volume":"137","author":"Bora","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0215-5","article-title":"Improvement of memory and neurological deficit with Ocimum basilicum L. extract after ischemia reperfusion induced cerebral injury in mice","volume":"33","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601060241281765","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060241281765","article-title":"Long-term food supplementation with sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) prevents age-associated cognitive decline in female mice","volume":"28","author":"Pires","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Health"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2023.2210240","article-title":"Effects of Ocimum basilicum L. Extract on Hippocampal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and BDNF Expression in Amnesic Aged Rats","volume":"50","author":"Beheshti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-013-1128-7","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum against H2O2 induced neuronal cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells via its antioxidative defence mechanism","volume":"38","author":"Venuprasad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.014","article-title":"Emerging roles of oxidative stress in brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"107","author":"Cotman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7401","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16097401","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity of Ocimum basilicum L. and Origanum vulgare L. extracts","volume":"16","author":"Kaurinovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.108610","article-title":"Comprehensive approaches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of flowers and leaves of American basil (Ocimum americanum L)","volume":"125","author":"Zengin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.08.068","article-title":"Long-term effects of pre and post-ischemic exercise following global cerebral ischemia on astrocyte and microglia functions in hippocampus from Wistar rats","volume":"1587","author":"Lovatel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02252-6","article-title":"Aging triggers an upregulation of a multitude of cytokines in the male and especially the female rodent hippocampus but more discrete changes in other brain regions","volume":"18","author":"Porcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8360","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Ocimum basilicum L. Extract in Alleviating Autistic-Like Behaviors Induced by Maternal Separation Stress in Mice: Role of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress","volume":"39","author":"Taei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitra, S., Turconi, G., Darreh-Shori, T., M\u00e4tlik, K., Aquilino, M., Eriksdotter, M., and Andressoo, J.O. (2021). Increased Endogenous GDNF in Mice Protects Against Age-Related Decline in Neuronal Cholinergic Markers. Front. Aging Neurosci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.714186"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111016","article-title":"Uncaria tomentosa improves cognition, memory and learning in middle-aged rats","volume":"138","author":"Castilhos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774598","article-title":"In-vitro Inhibition of Human Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase by Salvia lavandulaefolia Essential Oil and Constituent Terpenes","volume":"52","author":"Perry","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabaghian, F., Delnavazi, M.R., Hariri, R., Akbarzadeh, T., Tayarani-Najaran, Z., Shams Ardekani, M.R., Sharifzadeh, M., and Khanavi, M. (2025). Neuroprotective, and memory enhancement effects of Salvia aristata and its phenolic constituents: An in vitro, and in vivo study. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-04902-1"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2010.09.016","article-title":"Salvia leriifolia Benth (Lamiaceae) extract demonstrates in vitro antioxidant properties and cholinesterase inhibitory activity","volume":"30","author":"Loizzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02907824","article-title":"Chemical characterization of basil (Ocimum sp.) found in the markets and used in traditional medicine in Brazil","volume":"54","author":"Vieira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.08.033","article-title":"Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants","volume":"96","author":"Ivanova","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.01.011","article-title":"Ascorbate uptake is decreased in the hippocampus of ageing rats","volume":"58","author":"Siqueira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-82502012000300005","article-title":"The effects of acute administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae) in animal models of memory","volume":"48","author":"Zanella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2005.03.001","article-title":"Total antioxidant capacity is impaired in different structures from aged rat brain","volume":"23","author":"Siqueira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.07.022","article-title":"Long-term antioxidant supplementation attenuates oxidative stress markers and cognitive deficits in senescent-accelerated OXYS rats","volume":"27","author":"Kolosova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahendran, G., and Vimolmangkang, S. (2023). Chemical compositions, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and mosquito larvicidal activity of Ocimum americanum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. leaf essential oils. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04214-2"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2010.10.004","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of dimethyl sulfoxide and its viability as a solvent in the evaluation of neuroprotective antioxidants","volume":"63","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2010.506489","article-title":"Cerebroprotective effect of Ocimum gratissimum against focal ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury","volume":"49","author":"Bora","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.02.035","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant activities and an investigation of neuroprotection by six Salvia species from Iran: A comparative study","volume":"48","author":"Asadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-010-9502-3","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis extract on human dopaminergic cell line, SH-SY5Y","volume":"30","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, I., Sharma, N., Velayudhan, R., Fatima, Z., and Maras, J.S. (2023). Ocimum sanctum Alters the Lipid Landscape of the Brain Cortex and Plasma to Ameliorate the Effect of Photothrombotic Stroke in a Mouse Model. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13091877"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.03.037","article-title":"Anti-acetylcholinesterase potential and metabolome classification of 4 Ocimum species as determined via UPLC\/qTOF\/MS and chemometric tools","volume":"125","author":"Farag","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1516","article-title":"Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf extracts inhibit acetylcholinesterase and improve cognition in rats with experimentally induced dementia","volume":"14","author":"Giridharan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"157","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo Anticholinesterase Activity of the Volatile Oil of the Aerial Parts of Ocimum basilicum L. and O. africanum Lour. Growing in Egypt","volume":"1","author":"Tadros","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol. Int. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.11.058","article-title":"The cholinergic system in aging and neuronal degeneration","volume":"221","author":"Schliebs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, N., Ray, S., Lomax, J., Goertzen, S., Komarnytsky, S., Ho, C.T., and Munafo, J.P. (2021). Modulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Signaling Pathway by Culinary Sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147382"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.152906","article-title":"ERK\/MAPK regulates hippocampal histone phosphorylation following contextual fear conditioning","volume":"13","author":"Chwang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2014.10.008","article-title":"Treadmill exercise alters histone acetylation differently in rats exposed or not exposed to aversive learning context","volume":"116","author":"Bertoldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.08.005","article-title":"Age-related susceptibility to oxygen and glucose deprivation damage in rat hippocampal slices","volume":"1025","author":"Siqueira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804766-8.00002-9","article-title":"Animal models of cognitive aging and circuit-specific vulnerability","volume":"167","author":"Burke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/14\/2368\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:12:32Z","timestamp":1760033552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/17\/14\/2368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["nu17142368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17142368","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]}}}