{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:32:50Z","timestamp":1760059970508,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heit Family Fund","award":["314261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314261"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are decreased with metabolic syndrome (MetSy), and low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with poor outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). It is unknown whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are decreased in patients with MetSy following ACLR. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are decreased with MetSy following ACLR. Methods: This retrospective case\u2013control study consisted of patients (\u226518 years) who underwent ACLR. MetSy was defined as meeting any three of the five criteria (cases): (1) body mass index \u2265 30 kg\/m2, (2) triglycerides \u2265 150 mg\/dL, (3) HDL &lt; 40 mg\/dL in men and &lt;50 mg\/dL in women, (4) systolic blood pressure \u2265 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \u2265 85 mmHg, or (5) estimated (from hemoglobin A1c% [HbA1c]) fasting glucose \u2265 100 mg\/dL. Participants without MetSy (meeting &lt;3 criteria) served as controls. The first blood lipid, HbA1c, and 25(OH)D assessed \u226590 d after ACLR were included in this study. Results: The final analysis consisted of 219 patients (cases (with MetSy), n = 84; controls (without MetSy), n = 135). Serum 25(OH)D was significantly (p &lt; 0.01) decreased (15.8%) in cases (mean [SD]; 25.1 [11.3] ng\/mL) compared to controls (29.8 [14.8] ng\/mL). An increasing number of MetSy components was associated with a decreased prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: We conclude that serum 25(OH)D concentrations are significantly lower with MetSy. These preliminary findings could provide justification for assessing serum 25(OH)D following ACLR in patients with MetSy and assist with risk stratification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17152410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T09:05:12Z","timestamp":1753347912000},"page":"2410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Decreased with Metabolic Syndrome Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sonu","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Mantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9550-3338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayden","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kaeding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Flanigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00563-5","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Neeland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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