{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:20:55Z","timestamp":1787505655257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2024 Qinghai University Youth Research Fund Project (Natural Sciences)","award":["2024-QYY-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-QYY-1"]}]},{"name":"2024 Qinghai University Youth Research Fund Project (Natural Sciences)","award":["2025-ZJ-911Q"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ZJ-911Q"]}]},{"name":"2024 Qinghai University Youth Research Fund Project (Natural Sciences)","award":["2025-ZJ-748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ZJ-748"]}]},{"name":"2025 Youth Project of Qinghai Provincial Basic Research Program","award":["2024-QYY-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-QYY-1"]}]},{"name":"2025 Youth Project of Qinghai Provincial Basic Research Program","award":["2025-ZJ-911Q"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ZJ-911Q"]}]},{"name":"2025 Youth Project of Qinghai Provincial Basic Research Program","award":["2025-ZJ-748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ZJ-748"]}]},{"name":"2025 Basic Research Program","award":["2024-QYY-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-QYY-1"]}]},{"name":"2025 Basic Research Program","award":["2025-ZJ-911Q"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ZJ-911Q"]}]},{"name":"2025 Basic Research Program","award":["2025-ZJ-748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ZJ-748"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study investigates the therapeutic potential of camel milk-derived extracellular vesicles (CM-EVs) for treating colonic damage caused by high-altitude hypoxia, supporting the WHO\u2019s \u201cFood as Medicine\u201d initiative. Methods: Using a 5500 m mouse model, researchers induced colonic injury and treated it with oral CM-EVs for 15 days, comparing results to whole camel milk. Results: CM-EVs outperformed whole milk, significantly improving colon health by restoring barrier integrity and reducing disease activity index (DAI) (p &lt; 0.01). They boosted beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decreased Enterobacteriaceae (p &lt; 0.01). Metabolic analysis showed restored bile acid balance and amino acid modulation via the FXR\/NF-\u03baB pathway, reducing TLR4\/MyD88-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress (p &lt; 0.01). Fecal microbiota transplantation in the CM-EVs group notably decreased DAI and increased colon length (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: CM-EVs repair mucosal damage, balance microbiota, and regulate metabolism to combat hypoxia-induced colonic damage, suggesting their potential as nutraceuticals and altitude-adaptive foods. This showcases nanotechnology\u2019s role in enhancing traditional dietary benefits via precision nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17152431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T14:40:02Z","timestamp":1753454402000},"page":"2431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Camel Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Functional Food Component Ameliorate Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Colonic Injury Through Microbiota\u2013Metabolite Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2226-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5705-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demtu","family":"Er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin-Tao","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rili","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00526-w","article-title":"Altitude illnesses","volume":"10","author":"Gatterer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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