{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:52:30Z","timestamp":1793379150207,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Polyphenols found in polyphenol-rich extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) have been shown to possess strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. The present study aimed to assess the effects of two types of EVOO with different polyphenol content and dosages on the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic patients. Methods: In this single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 50 hyperlipidemic patients were randomized to receive either a higher-dose, lower-phenolic EVOO (414 mg\/kg phenols, 20 g\/day) or a lower-dose, higher-phenolic EVOO (1021 mg\/kg phenols, 8 g\/day), for a period of 4 weeks. These doses were selected to ensure equivalent daily polyphenol intake in both groups (~8.3 mg of total phenols\/day), based on chemical analysis performed using NMR spectroscopy. The volumes used (8\u201320 g\/day) reflect typical daily EVOO intake and were well tolerated by participants. A group of 20 healthy individuals, separated into two groups, also received the two types of EVOO, respectively, for the same duration. Primary endpoints included blood levels of total blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, lipoprotein-a (Lpa), and apolipoproteins A1 and B. Measurements were performed at baseline and at the end of the 4-week intervention. Linear mixed models were performed for the data analysis. Results: The higher-phenolic, lower-dose EVOO group showed a more favorable change in total blood cholesterol (p = 0.045) compared to the lower-phenolic, higher-dose group. EVOO intake was associated with a significant increase in HDL (p &lt; 0.001) and reduction in Lp(a) (p = 0.040) among hyperlipidemic patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Conclusions: EVOO consumption significantly improved the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic patients. Higher-phenolic EVOO at lower dosages appears to be more effective in improving the lipid profile than lower-phenolic EVOO in higher dosages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17152543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T11:54:51Z","timestamp":1754308491000},"page":"2543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of High-Phenolic Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) on the Lipid Profile of Patients with Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-2153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Kourek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, 417 Army Share Fund Hospital of Athens (NIMTS), 11521 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Makaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department & Department of Cardiac Catheterization, General Hospital of Messinia, 24100 Kalamata, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0399-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prokopios","family":"Magiatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Zouganeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassiliki","family":"Benetou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-9670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Briasoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9439-3946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Xanthopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Paraskevaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Melliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 15771 Zografou, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Koudounis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department & Department of Cardiac Catheterization, General Hospital of Messinia, 24100 Kalamata, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9949-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippos","family":"Orfanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riolo, R., De Rosa, R., Simonetta, I., and Tuttolomondo, A. 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