{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:36:06Z","timestamp":1760060166997,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kao Research Council for the Study of Healthcare Science","award":["JP25K14831","JP25K14978","JP22K07456","21H02835","JP22K19723","H26-NHO-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K14831","JP25K14978","JP22K07456","21H02835","JP22K19723","H26-NHO-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25K14831","JP25K14978","JP22K07456","21H02835","JP22K19723","H26-NHO-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K14831","JP25K14978","JP22K07456","21H02835","JP22K19723","H26-NHO-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Hospital Organization for collaborative clinical research","award":["JP25K14831","JP25K14978","JP22K07456","21H02835","JP22K19723","H26-NHO-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K14831","JP25K14978","JP22K07456","21H02835","JP22K19723","H26-NHO-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: We aimed to identify questionnaire items associated with an increased risk of developing hepatic steatosis in the general population. Methods: A total of 15,063 individuals aged \u226520 years who underwent general health checkups and had no hepatic steatosis at baseline were included. The relationship between questionnaire data at baseline and hepatic steatosis incidence over a median 4.2-year follow-up was investigated across body mass index (BMI) categories. Results: Among 15,063 individuals (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [10.2] years; 6769 [44.9%] male; mean [SD] BMI, 21.4 [2.6] kg\/m2), 1889 individuals (12.5%) developed hepatic steatosis during follow-up. After adjusting for age, sex, and factors related to metabolic diseases and liver injury, the strongest questionnaire-based risk factor for hepatic steatosis was self-reported weight gain of 10 kg or more after the age of 20 across all BMI categories: total population (hazard ratio [HR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90\u20132.34; p &lt; 0.001), Category 1 (BMI &lt; 22) (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.86\u20132.91; p &lt; 0.001), Category 2 (BMI 22 to &lt;25) (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.25\u20131.63; p &lt; 0.001), and Category 3 (BMI \u2265 25) (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12\u20131.77; p = 0.003). Conclusions: In this cohort study, self-reported weight gain of 10 kg or more after the age of 20 was associated with an increased risk of hepatic steatosis, independent of baseline BMI. Questionnaires capturing weight gain history may support universal screening efforts to identify individuals at elevated risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17152566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T15:09:53Z","timestamp":1754492993000},"page":"2566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-Reported Weight Gain After the Age of 20 and Risk of Steatotic Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8761-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayo","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8790-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Ozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Yamakage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Metabolic Research, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Metabolic Research, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misato","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Kanasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Hospital Medical Checkup Center, Nihon Seimei Kyoto Santetsu Building, 608, Higashishiochoji-cho, Nishinotoin Higashi-iru, Shiokoji-dori, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8216, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izuru","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes Mellitus, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, 1 Katsuragosho-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8087, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0719-8972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Metabolic Research, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun 401-0380, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8645-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriko","family":"Satoh-Asahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Fukakusa Mukaihata-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Metabolic Research, Geroscience Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.017","article-title":"Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update","volume":"79","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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