{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:27:47Z","timestamp":1791559667938,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lubuskie Voivodeship as part of the Small Grants competition for public universities from the Lubuskie Voivodeship","award":["DGR.V. 042.7.2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGR.V. 042.7.2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in higher-latitude regions and among older adults, and has been linked to depressive symptoms and cognitive decline, although the neurobiological link remains unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a key modulator and mediator of vitamin D-related neuroprotection. Methods: Selected databases (2009\u20132025) were searched for specific studies reporting vitamin D exposure, BDNF, and mood or cognitive outcomes. Risk of bias was appraised with RoB 2, Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale or SYRCLE. Results: Thirteen studies were included. High-dose vitamin D improves mood primarily when levels are low. Supplementation of at least 2000 IU\/day for 12 weeks reduced BDI scores by 1.7\u20137.6 points and increased BDNF levels by ~7%. Each 1 ng\/mL increase in 25(OH)D levels decreased the likelihood of depressive symptoms, especially when BDNF levels were high. In animal studies vitamin D increases hippocampal BDNF and reverses stress-induced depressive behavioral deficits. Adequate vitamin D intake is associated with improved cognitive performance and a dose-dependent increase in BDNF. Each 10 ng\/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.6-point increase in MMSE scores and a 15% increase in serum BDNF. Low vitamin D status in children may predict cognitive decline. Animal studies have shown that supplementation with 500\u201310,000 IU\/kg for at least 3 weeks increased hippocampal BDNF and improved biochemical markers of aging. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation may support mood and cognition via BDNF modulation, especially in people with insufficient vitamin D levels (&lt;30 ng\/mL), but long-term, adequately powered studies with objective tools are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17162655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T11:31:37Z","timestamp":1755516697000},"page":"2655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Impact of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Mood\u2013Cognitive Outcomes: A Structured Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Skoczek-Rubi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-7500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Cisek-Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1514-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Molska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Heyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Trocholepsza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Pietrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sebastian Pietrzak Company, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3384-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kinga","family":"Mruczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-023-01089-w","article-title":"The Global Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Elderly: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"58","author":"Meshkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. 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